When it comes to shrinking the state’s role in production, the priorities of the Bharatiya Janata Party government that’s ruled India since 2014 are very different from those of its predecessor. And that’s something that has annoyed investors no end.
Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the prime minister between 1998 and 2004, gave free rein to kick-start a Margaret Thatcher-style privatization drive, something that hadn’t been attempted in India. The government let go of what it could — hotels, aluminium and zinc firms, a bakery chain — amid strong opposition from unions and even some entrenched tycoons who preferred to compete against bungling state-owned corporations rather than other entrepreneurs.
Things that the administration failed to sell before the drive ran out of steam — such as Air India Ltd — are a millstone around the Indian taxpayer’s neck even today. And that brings us to Narendra Modi.
Tiptoeing no more
Apart from a so-far unsuccessful effort to sell Air India, the current prime minister has shied from restarting the stalled privatization programme. He’s even spending $6 billion on two unprofitable state-run telecommunications firms. That’s a waste of meager government resources in India’s hyper-competitive mobile market.
But this week something changed. Team Modi decided to sell the government’s entire stake in the second-largest state refiner, Bharat Petroleum Corp, as well as the largest shipping company, Shipping Corp of India Ltd It also approved selling a controlling 30.8 per cent shareholding in Container Corp of India Ltd
Compulsions
The motivation is simple enough. There’s a crisis brewing in the economy, some of which has resulted from Modi’s own adventurism. The finance industry is in a shambles.
Tax collections, a full 1 percentage point of GDP lower than the 7.9 per cent the government had hoped for last year, continue to be horrendous. Selling capital assets to shore up revenue may not be a great strategy, but hitting a 1.05 trillion rupee ($14.6 billion) asset disposal target is the only way to lower the sticker shock of the budget deficit for the bond market.
It will also cheer the equity markets. What usually pass off as state asset sales in India are either small-ticket public offers of listed government companies, or transfers of one state-run firm to another. Neither does much to make the economy more productive.
Nor do they hold any excitement for investors, who’ve been waiting for an end to the drought in real privatization deals.
One reason the country is facing a debilitating demand funk is that the structure of the economy is lopsided. Profitable Bharat Petroleum is an exception, but overall only 32 per cent of the output of India’s public sector goes to taxpayers and banks that supply capital; as much as 68 per cent is pocketed by privileged employees who enjoy assured jobs and higher pay than they would in the private sector.
A bloated public sector distorts the economy by trapping a vast number of Indians in informal household-level production, 80 per cent of whose output is used to pay for scarce capital, leaving only 20 per cent for workers.
Middle East interest
It isn’t too late to use a combination of sales of better assets and closures of weak state firms to give the economy a permanent boost. Brokerages are speculating that Saudi Aramco, Kuwait Petroleum Corp and Abu Dhabi National Oil Co. may be interested in Bharat Petroleum.
And why not? As electric cars depress oil demand in the developed world, India will be a good hunting ground for Middle Eastern crude.
Container Corp, meanwhile, has a near-monopoly on railway freight. Bidders may include Dubai ports operator DP World Plc; Singapore’s PSA International Pte; shipping firm AP Moller-Maersk A/S’s terminal management unit; and Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Ltd, India’s biggest private port operator.
Whatever the buyers’ reasons, as a seller India should ensure that its privatization programme is both transparent and seen as fair. More importantly, it should set its sights at something more ambitious and durable than a crisis response.
