A year ago on June 4, President Barack Obama delivered his much heralded Cairo address to Muslims around the world. The speech was watched with enthusiasm by millions of Muslims. But much has happened since.
As we mark the one-year anniversary of the speech, what has been its lasting impact, long after much of its inspiring rhetoric and powerful imagery have faded from memory?
Obama's aims in delivering the speech appeared to be threefold. First, to change the atmospherics surrounding America's relations with Muslim communities around the globe. Following the horrific 9/11 terrorist attacks, the US-led "war on terror" and the sometimes ill-considered rhetoric that accompanied it of "crusades" and "the evils of Islamofascism" led many Muslims to conclude that their faith and their lands were under siege.
Obama sought through the speech to dispel these deeply rooted perceptions, which had become so injurious to US interests around the globe. An important narrative thread running through the speech seemed to be simply: "I am not George Bush. I spent parts of my childhood in Kenya and Indonesia, so understand and respect those of the Muslim faith. As president, I will have no imperial designs on your lands, and in fact believe we have common interests that we can and should pursue together."
A second aim seems to have been to signal a new foreign policy approach to the many violent conflicts that had often been a source of tension between the US and ordinary Muslims around the globe.
Obama reiterated in the speech his commitment to withdraw all American combat troops from Iraq, his intention to redouble efforts to stabilise the situation in Afghanistan, and his willingness to engage openly with Iran. The centrepoint of the speech for many Muslims, however, was his pledge with regard to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict "to personally pursue [a two-state solution] with all the patience and dedication that the task requires".
Final aim
The final aim seems to have been to broaden the scope of America's engagement with Muslim communities around the globe beyond the narrow focus of terrorism toward joint partnerships to address the broad-range of socioeconomic challenges confronting many of these communities. "Americans are ready," he proclaimed, "to join with citizens and governments, community organisations, religious leaders, and businesses in Muslim communities around the world to help our people pursue a better life."
A year after the speech, how has the Obama administration fared in meeting these bold objectives? Has the speech in fact helped to create the desired "new beginning" between the US and Muslim communities around the globe?
The jury, it would seem, is still out. In terms of atmospherics, public opinion data indicates that Obama is seen more positively than was his predecessor by roughly 17 points globally. A just released Gallup poll, though, suggests the picture is a bit less rosy in the Arab world, the heartland of Islam.
The poll shows that in the six Arab countries surveyed, approval of "the performance of the leadership of the United States" moved upward in half the countries surveyed immediately following Obama's inauguration, then increased further in most following the Cairo speech.
However, it has trended downward in the year since. So whereas 25 per cent of Egyptians expressed approval of US leadership at the time of Obama's inauguration (up from a meager six per cent in January 2008) and this grew to 37 per cent following the Cairo speech, only 19 per cent do today.
With regard to the violent conflicts referenced in the speech, Obama has kept to his word so far about removing US troops from Iraq and redoubling American efforts in Afghanistan.
He seems to have been genuine in offering an outstretched hand to Iran but these overtures have been rebuffed repeatedly by that country's increasingly hardline regime. However, as Professor Shibley Telhami has observed, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is the "prism of pain" through which many Arabs and Muslims view the US. On this critical issue, the administration has had less tangible progress to show.
In terms of partnerships, the Administration has delivered on many of the concrete promises made in Cairo. Three high-profile science envoys have been named. A Global Technology and Innovation Fund was established to mobilize some $2 billion in private capital for Muslim-majority countries. In April, the president hosted an Entrepreneurship Summit with 250 prominent Muslim business and social entrepreneurs. And several promising exchange programs have been launched.
Partnership
However, the idea of partnership that Obama unveiled in Cairo was meant to extend far beyond the specific deliverables mentioned in the speech. It envisioned a very robust and sustained set of cooperative endeavours between Americans and Muslims in other countries designed to enhance in very fundamental ways economic and human development, while advancing mutual understanding.
Realising that broader vision will require more than just the hard work of a few well-intentioned government officials, but actually tapping into the energies, talents, and resources of corporations, civic groups, professional associations, philanthropic foundations and ordinary citizens on both sides.
Going forward, the president will need to employ the same ambition, tenacity and pragmatism that he has demonstrated in other aspects of his young presidency, if he is to fulfil fully the vital long-term challenge he took up in Cairo one year ago.
Steve Grand is fellow and director of the Brookings Project on US Relations with the Islamic World and Dalia Mogahed is the executive director of the Gallup Centre for Muslim Studies.
