Kiev: Russia pressed hard on Monday for Ukrainian politicians to return to the Feb. 21 agreement that promised a new unity government — with fugitive President Viktor Yanukovich back in power — would rule until an early election no later than December.
But the proposal seemed to be a non-starter as diplomats met in Brussels, Kiev and Geneva and warnings about the dangers of Russia’s military actions were issued from European capitals.
On the ground, pro-Russian troops held all Ukrainian border posts on Monday in Crimea, as well as all military facilities and a key ferry terminal, cementing their stranglehold on the strategic Ukrainian peninsula.
“This is a question of defending our citizens and compatriots, ensuring human rights, especially the right to life,” Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said in Geneva, where he was attending UN meetings.
There have been no reports, however, of any hostilities toward Russian-speakers in Ukraine during the country’s four months of political upheaval.
The European Union was discussing possible sanctions against Russia and the UN was to hold another extraordinary meeting on Monday, hours after Moscow defended its military intervention in Ukraine’s Crimea peninsula.
“Sanctions will become inevitable if the present course chosen by the Russian leadership is continued,” said Dutch Foreign Minister Frans Timmermans ahead of emergency talks in Brussels with his EU counterparts.
However, diplomats in Brussels cautioned that it was unlikely that sanctions would be applied immediately. Another option being considered by the EU was the suspension of negotiations with Russia on its request to ease visa requirements.
Further steps could be taken at an emergency EU summit, which diplomats say may be held on Thursday.
Meanwhile, the UN Security Council was to hold a public meeting at 2030 GMT in New York. US Vice President Joe Biden called Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev on Monday, and called on Moscow to pull back forces in Crimea, the White House said.
Officials noted that the call took place after Medevedev spoke over the weekend to Ukraine’s new prime minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk, but did not give further details.
“The vice president urged Russia to pull back its forces, support the immediate deployment of international monitors to Ukraine, and begin a meaningful political dialogue with the Ukrainian government,” a White House statement said.
Monday’s call came as Washington mulled its options on how to respond to Moscow’s incursion into Ukraine and after a tense 90-minute telephone call between President Barack Obama and Russian President Vladimir Putin on Saturday.
British Foreign Secretary William Hague, who was in Kiev for meetings with Ukraine’s interim leadership, argued that there should be “consequences” if Russia does not respect Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.
“If this becomes the normal way of behaving in the world, of intruding upon and violating the sovereignty of neighbours, then clearly that would be an even bigger crisis in international affairs,” Hague added.
But Hannes Swoboda, the leader of the Socialist faction in the European Parliament, said “cold-war-style threats against Russia” would “never work.”
Altogether, 6,000 Russian special armed forces had “invaded Crimea,” Boris Tarasyuk, Ukraine’s newly-appointed special envoy on Crimea, told EU lawmakers.
According to Lavrov, in Ukraine there are “extremists who seek illegally to gain control over the situation, nurturing violence and open terror.”
But according to Swedish Foreign Minister Carl Bildt, nobody has a “right whatsoever to invade other countries under the pretext of protecting, allegedly protecting, its own citizens.”
German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier said Europe was experiencing its “most serious crisis” since the fall of the Berlin Wall 25 years ago, adding that “the danger of a renewed split of Europe is real.”
In Kiev, Ukraine’s interim prime minister, Arseniy Yatsenyuk, said the Russian incursion in Crimea had brought Ukraine to “the brink of disaster.”
“This is not a threat: This is actually the declaration of war,” Yatsenyuk said.
Despite the sabre-rattling from all sides, no shots were fired in Crimea on Monday. Tension between Ukraine and Moscow rose sharply after Yanukovych was pushed out by a protest movement made up of people who wanted closer ties with the European Union, more democracy and less corruption. Yanukovych fled to Russia last month after more than 80 demonstrators were killed — mostly by police — near Kiev’s central square but insists he is still president.
In Kiev, Ukraine’s new prime minister admitted his country had “no military options on the table” to reverse Russia’s military move into its Crimea region, where Ukraine’s military admitted that pro-Russian troops have surrounded or taken over “practically all” its military facilities.
While Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk appealed Monday for outside help and insisted that Crimea still remained part of his country, European foreign ministers held an emergency meeting on a joint response to Russia’s military move that could include economic sanctions. But there was no immediate response to the Russian statement, which would void the new government that Ukraine installed just last week.
“Any attempt of Russia to grab Crimea will have no success at all. Give us some time,” Yatsenyuk said at a news conference with British Foreign Secretary William Hague in Kiev.
But he added that “for today” there were “no military options on the table.” He said his country was “urgently” asking for economic and political support from other countries.
“Crisis diplomacy is not a weakness, but it is now more important than ever for us not to fall into the abyss of a military escalation,” German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier said in Brussels.
In the meantime, Russian forces were clearly in charge in Crimea, home to 2 million mostly Russian-speaking people and landlord for Russia’s critical Black Sea Fleet at Sevastopol.
In addition to seizing barracks and border posts, troops also controlled a ferry terminal in the Ukrainian city of Kerch, just 20 kilometres (12 miles) across the water from Russia. That intensified fears in Kiev that Moscow will send even more troops into the peninsula via that route.
The soldiers at the terminal refused to identify themselves Monday, but they spoke Russian and their vehicles had Russian license plates.
Border guard spokesman Sergei Astakhov said the Russians were demanding that Ukrainian soldiers and guards transfer their allegiance to Crimea’s new pro-Russian local government.
“The Russians are behaving very aggressively, they came in by breaking down doors, knocking out windows, cutting off every communication,” he said.
He said four Russian military ships, 13 helicopters and 8 transport planes had arrived in Crimea in violation of agreements that permit Russian to keep its naval base at Sevastopol.
Now, fears in the Ukrainian capital of Kiev and beyond are that Russia might seek to expand its control by targeting and seizing other parts of Ukraine, especially in its pro-Russian east.
“The world cannot just allow this to happen,” Hague said, but he ruled out any military action. “The UK is not discussing military options. Our concentration is on diplomatic and economic pressure.”
Ukraine is also struggling on the financial front. The treasury is almost empty and its currency is under pressure after years of running large deficits. The International Monetary Fund said a fact-finding mission would visit Ukraine starting on Tuesday for 10 days. Ukraine has asked the IMF for rescue loans and says it needs $35 billion to pay its bills over the next two years.
Market reaction to the Russian invasion of Crimea was immediate Monday. In European trading, gold and oil rose while the euro and stock markets fell. The greatest impact was felt in Moscow, where the main RTS index was down 12 per cent at 1,115 and the dollar spiked to an all-time high of 37 roubles.
Russia’s central bank hiked its main interest rate 1.5 percentage points Monday to 7 per cent, trying to stem financial outflows.
Gazprom, the Russian energy giant, was also big loser, its share price down 13 per cent as investors worried about how it would get its gas to Europe if hostilities kept up, since much of it goes through Ukrainian pipelines.
Outrage over Russia’s military moves has mounted in world capitals, with US Secretary of State John Kerry calling on Russian President Vladimir Putin to pull back from “an incredible act of aggression.” Kerry is to travel to Ukraine on Tuesday.
Putin has rejected calls from the West, insisting that Russia has a right to protect its interests and those of Russian-speakers anywhere in Ukraine. His confidence is matched by the knowledge that Ukraine’s 46 million people have divided loyalties — while much of western Ukraine wants closer ties with the 28-nation European Union, its eastern and southern regions like Crimea look to Russia for support and trade.
Faced with the Russian threat, Ukraine’s new government has moved to consolidate its authority, naming new regional governors in the pro-Russia east, enlisting the support of the country’s wealthy businessmen and dismissing the head of the country’s navy after he declared allegiance to the pro-Russian government in Crimea.
Nato held an emergency meeting in Brussels and the U.S., France and Britain debated the possibility of boycotting the next Group of Eight economic summit, to be held in June in Sochi, the host of Russia’s successful Winter Olympics.
