Lemongrass explained: Gut health, cancer research, stress relief and UAE experts warnings

It’s fresh. It’s fragrant. And just unmistakably citrusy.

 That’s the joy of lemongrass, that has long been present in Asian kitchens. Yet, beyond its role in soups, curries and teas, it has also quietly built a reputation in traditional medicine — and more recently, in scientific research. Gut-health, stress and now early stage cancer studies: Lemongrass is being thoroughly examined for what it might offer the body.

 Still, experts urge balance: promising research does not mean proven medicine.

What exactly is lemongrass?

 Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a tropical plant best known for its lemon-like aroma and flavour. According to Assistant Professor Dr. Mohammad I. K. Hamad, from the Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), lemongrass is filled with antioxidants such as chlorogenic acid, isoorientin and swertiajaponin — compounds that help neutralise free radicals and support the body’s natural detoxification processes.  

Explaining further, Lamya Kamal, a specialist in family medicine, adds how it impacts inflammation."These compounds have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are increasingly recognised as contributors to metabolic disease, gut dysfunction, and cancer development, which is why these properties have attracted scientific interest," she says.

 Health-wise, lemongrass has been associated with mild antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and calming effects. When used in everyday cooking or as a tea, lemongrass may help with digestion, support immunity and boost metabolic health. Its gentle calming effect is also why lemongrass tea is often recommended to reduce stress and promote relaxation.

 A gentle ally for digestion and gut health

 One of lemongrass’ most well-known benefits lies in its effect on the digestive system. The essential oils — particularly citral — possess antibacterial and antifungal properties that may help curb harmful gut bacteria while supporting a healthier microbial balance, as Dr Hamad explains.

There's also the complicated gut-brain axis, to note, he explains, which is the two-way communication system linking the digestive system and the brain. A more balanced gut microbiome has been associated with improved mood regulation, immune response and even cognitive function.

Furthermore, there's a reason why people suggest lemongrass tea or using fresh stalks in cooking. It stimulates digestion, eases bloating, and helps with better bowel movements, explains Dr Hamad.

The cancer conversation: What research really says

Lemongrass has recently drawn attention for its potential role in cancer research, though experts emphasize that the evidence is still limited. As Dr. Kamal notes, “At present, there is no strong clinical evidence that consuming lemongrass prevents or treats cancer in humans. The role is best viewed as supportive, contributing to dietary diversity, gut comfort, and overall metabolic health as part of a broader lifestyle approach rather than as a medical intervention.”

Laboratory and animal studies have identified compounds in lemongrass, such as citral and certain polysaccharides, that show anticancer activity. According to Dr. Annu Susan George from Medcare Royal Speciality Hospital, these studies have demonstrated effects in breast, colon, prostate, and some leukemia and lymphoma models. The proposed mechanism involves disrupting mitochondria and inducing apoptosis, or programmed cancer cell death.

Some research has even observed a potential synergy between lemongrass compounds and certain chemotherapy drugs, sparking further scientific interest.

Still, both Dr. George and Professor Hamad are clear that these findings are early-stage. “These are laboratory and animal model studies only. Recommendations on use cannot be made based on this data,” they explain. Further research is needed to understand the actual effects in humans before lemongrass can be considered a medical intervention.

Why caution is essential, especially for cancer patients

 While the idea of a natural anti-cancer agent is appealing, experts strongly warn against self-prescribing lemongrass for therapeutic purposes. “Caution should be exercised,” Dr. George says, “Lemongrass can have interactions with chemotherapy medications. Patients should always discuss this with their treating physician before including lemongrass in their diet.”

 In other words, lemongrass may be part of an antioxidant-rich, anti-inflammatory diet, but it should never replace medical treatment or be consumed in concentrated forms without supervision.

 Who can enjoy lemongrass — and who should avoid it?

 For most people, lemongrass is safe when consumed in normal culinary amounts or as a mild herbal tea. That means adding it to soups, broths, salads, or enjoying an occasional cup of tea.

 However, certain groups should be cautious:

 Pregnant or breastfeeding women, as high doses may stimulate uterine activity

 People with low blood pressure, kidney conditions, or those taking diuretics or sedatives

 Cancer patients, particularly those undergoing chemotherapy, unless cleared by a doctor

Experts advise consulting a healthcare provider before using lemongrass therapeutically or in supplement form.

 Lemongrass is far more than a fragrant garnish. Its antioxidant profile, gut-friendly properties and early research into disease prevention make it a compelling addition to a healthy diet. But as with many “superfoods,” its benefits lie in support, not cure.

 Used thoughtfully in teas, meals and balanced diets, lemongrass can be both refreshing and healthy. Used recklessly or as a substitute for medical care, it can cross into risky territory. As science continues to explore its potential, moderation and medical guidance remain key.