What is National Thowheeth Jama'ath: Suspicion falls on Sri Lankan militant group

As the authorities investigate the bombings in Sri Lanka on Easter Sunday, their focus has centered on National Thowheeth Jama'ath, a little-known group that experts said promotes terrorist ideology.

No one has claimed responsibility for the suicide attacks, which killed at least 290 people, and the Sri Lankan authorities have so far not identified any group as being behind them, even as they have arrested two dozen suspects.

But 10 days before the attacks, a police official sent an advisory to the security authorities warning of a possible threat to churches by National Thowheeth Jama'ath.

Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe said on Sunday that he and other top government officials had not been informed of the threat, and that "we must look into why adequate precautions were not taken."

Until now, National Thowheeth Jama'ath was known mainly in Sri Lanka for vandalizing Buddhist statues. In 2016, its secretary, Abdul Razik, was arrested on charges of inciting racism.

But while Sri Lanka, an island nation in the Indian Ocean, was ravaged by decades of civil war that ended in 2009, it has little history of militant violence.

In that internecine conflict, the Sri Lankan government, largely led by a Buddhist elite, put down a rebellion by ethnic Tamils, who are primarily Hindu but also include Muslims and Christians.

The goal of National Thowheeth Jama'ath is not insurrection, said Anne Speckhard, the director of the International Center for the Study of Violent Extremism. Instead, it aims to spread the global militant movement to Sri Lanka and to create hatred, fear and divisions in society.

Not separatists

"It is not about a separatist movement," she said. "It is about religion and punishing."

The coordinated suicide bombings on Sunday, targeting members of Sri Lanka's Roman Catholic minority and guests at hotels favored by foreign tourists, were similar to those carried out elsewhere by major Islamist militant groups, Speckhard said.

"These attacks appear to be quite different and look as if they came right out of the Daesh, Al-Qaida, global militant playbook, as these are attacks fomenting religious hatred by attacking multiple churches on a high religious holiday," she said.

The Tamils were among the first groups in the world to use suicide bombings as a common tactic.

The civil war ended a decade ago after a large-scale operation by the army that defeated the Tamils and killed their leader.