First HMPV cases in India: Two infants test positive in Bengaluru

New Delhi: The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has confirmed two cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in Karnataka. These cases were identified through routine surveillance for respiratory viral pathogens.

The Ministry of Health, in a statement, noted that the detection is part of ICMR's ongoing efforts to monitor and control respiratory illnesses across India.

HMPV is a respiratory virus circulating globally, including in India, and is associated with respiratory illnesses. However, there has been no unusual surge in cases within the country. The ICMR clarified that despite these detections, there has been no significant increase in Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) or Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) cases nationally.

Details of the Cases

One case involves a 3-month-old female infant who was admitted to Baptist Hospital in Bengaluru with a history of bronchopneumonia. She tested positive for HMPV and has since been discharged after treatment.

The second case pertains to an 8-month-old male infant, also admitted to Baptist Hospital in Bengaluru with a similar history of bronchopneumonia. He tested positive for HMPV on January 3, 2025. The infant is currently stable and recovering.

Neither of the infants had a history of international travel, indicating that these cases are local and not linked to any international outbreaks.

Monitoring efforts

The Union Health Ministry continues to monitor the situation using all available surveillance mechanisms. ICMR will also track HMPV circulation trends throughout the year. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been providing updates on the situation in China, where a recent outbreak of HMPV has been reported.

Kerala’s response

Kerala Health Minister Veena George addressed the reports of the HMPV outbreak in China, advising caution but stressing there is no need for panic.

“We should pay attention to the reports of viral fever and pneumonia in China. However, there are no indications of viruses that could become a pandemic or spread rapidly at this time,” she stated.

George emphasized the importance of vigilance due to the global presence of Malayali expatriates. “Three viruses are suspected in the alarming respiratory infections in China: Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), certain Covid-19 variants, and Influenza A virus. None of these have shown genetic mutations that could lead to a pandemic. However, we must remain cautious.”

She advised that children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions or receiving palliative care should be particularly careful.

“Children should not attend school while ill, and individuals with respiratory symptoms must wear masks. Currently, there is no cause for concern, but we are monitoring the situation closely,” she added.

About HMPV

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common respiratory virus that typically causes upper respiratory infections. It is most likely to affect children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems.