What to do if you witness a crime in the UAE: Legal expert explains

If you suddenly find yourself at or near the scene of a crime—be it a robbery, assault, or kidnapping—your first reaction might be to intervene. But according to Emirati lawyer and legal consultant Ahmed Al Zarooni, the law places far greater weight on promptly notifying authorities than on putting yourself in danger.

Reporting is a legal obligation

Speaking to Al Khaleej newspaper, Al Zarooni explained that reporting crimes immediately to the police is both a civic duty and a legal requirement under the UAE Penal Code.

“The law punishes anyone who is aware of a crime and fails to report it with up to one year in prison or a fine,” he said.

Steps to follow at a crime scene

Al Zarooni advised that individuals who witness a crime should:

• Call the police without delay.

• Provide accurate details about the time, location, and suspects.

• Avoid any actions that compromise personal safety or the safety of others.

If authorities cannot be contacted and there is imminent danger, minimal intervention may be justified.

Preserve the crime scene

He stressed the importance of not disturbing evidence. Witnesses should hand over photos, videos, or observations directly to police—while avoiding posting anything on social media that could jeopardise an investigation.

Good Samaritan protections

The Penal Code also offers protections for well-intentioned bystanders. Article 55 allows individuals to provide first aid or emergency help in good faith, shielding them from liability if unintended harm occurs. This principle is widely known as the “Good Samaritan” rule.

When intervention is permitted

Physical confrontation is not generally expected of ordinary citizens. However, the law permits it in two scenarios:

• Self-defence or defence of others in the face of imminent danger.

• Stopping a suspect caught in the act.

Even then, any force used must be proportionate.

Exceptions for lethal force

Articles 58 and 59 of the Penal Code outline rare circumstances where lethal force may be used, such as preventing abduction, sexual assault, or unlawful entry into an inhabited home at night with intent to attack. These require the threat to be immediate and the response strictly necessary.

The safest course of action

In practice, Al Zarooni concluded, the most legally sound and safest response remains clear:

“Call the police first. Protect yourself and others from unnecessary risk. And let the authorities do their job.”