Endless lines, empty wallets: World’s poorest nations buckle under $155 billion fuel burden

Amidst the global fuel crunch, a stark economic and humanitarian reality confronts the world's most vulnerable.

A relentless cascade: fuel prices spiraling, household budgets breaking, roads falling silent — and snaking queues at the pump growing longer by the hour.

"Poorest nations pay $155 billion/yr in fossil fuel imports," energy policy veteran John Raymond Hanger stated in an X post.

"A crushing burden, leaving 1 billion people with no or highly unreliable electricity," stated Hanger, a former Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) Secretary, and longtime advocate for competitive energy markets and climate action.

"Fossil fuels failed them," claimed Hanger, also a former Public Utility Commission commissioner and longtime advocate for competitive energy markets and climate action.

A chart preparted by energy think-tank Ember illustrates the scale of the problem: "Climate Vulnerable Forum" (CVF) nations — 74 low- and lower-middle-income countries home to over 1.7 billion people — collectively spend more than $155 billion annually on fossil fuel imports.

In 19 of these nations, those imports account for over 50% of the trade deficit. Countries like Tanzania (nearly 200% of trade deficit), Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Morocco, Pakistan, and Bangladesh bear the heaviest loads, according to an Ember reported released on April 1, 2026.

Compelling case

The Ember report, titled "The Electric Fast-Track" for Emerging Markets, makes a compelling case that these nations are uniquely positioned to bypass the traditional fossil fuel path entirely.

Produced in partnership with the CVF and V20 Finance Ministers, the analysis argues that rapidly falling costs in "electrotech" — solar power, battery storage, electric vehicles, and related technologies — enable a direct jump from biomass reliance to modern electricity.

Crushing cost of fossil dependence

CVF countries, which represent about one-fifth of the global population but less than 5% of global GDP and electricity demand, are overwhelmingly net fossil fuel importers located in the sunbelt.

In 2024, their collective import bill hit $155 billion. A prolonged Middle East conflict pushing oil to $100 per barrel could inflate that figure by another $30 billion or more by 2026. ember-energy.org

700 million still lack electricity access

The human toll is even more severe.

Roughly 700 million people worldwide lack any electricity access: CVF nations account for about two-thirds of that number, with around 500 million in Africa alone still unconnected.

Another 500 million endure frequent blackouts, as per Ember data.

Electricity meets just 16% of final energy demand in these countries, and per-capita consumption in low-income CVF nations has actually declined since 2010.

Hundreds of millions still rely on biomass for cooking and heating, contributing to 2.9 million premature deaths annually from indoor air pollution.

How 'electrotech' changes the game

Ember's core argument is that electrotech isn't just cleaner—it's now economically superior and better suited to the fragmented, low-capital realities of emerging markets.

Solar power, for instance, now requires less upfront capital than fossil fuel plants, a complete reversal from a decade ago when it cost up to five times more. Batteries are cheaper than extending transmission lines for remote communities.

Electric two-wheelers, cooling systems, and appliances have dropped 30–95% in price over the past 10 years.

The leapfrogging is already happening

Nearly half of CVF nations (measured by electricity demand) have surpassed the United States in solar penetration.

Countries like Namibia generate 35% of their power from solar; Togo reaches 18%.

EV adoption is surging in Nepal (70% of two-wheelers) and Sri Lanka (64%).

Between 2020 and 2025, CVF nations imported 138 GW of solar panels from China — enough to generate 218 TWh of electricity annually and displace $20 billion in LNG or $42 billion in diesel imports.

Leapfrogging fossil fuels, into renewables

Unlike the centralised, capital-intensive fossil infrastructure built in wealthier nations over the past century, electrotech scales incrementally and bottom-up.

A household can start with a single solar panel and light, then expand as incomes grow — mirroring how mobile phones bypassed fixed-line infrastructure in the developing world.

Economic and geopolitical upside

The report outlines a virtuous cycle: reliable electricity boosts productivity in schools, hospitals, and factories; cuts import dependency and exposure to global price shocks.

And it frees up fiscal resources for development.

CVF nations also hold "leverage" through critical minerals (such as cobalt in the Democratic Republic of Congo), strategic manufacturing locations, and massive consumer markets as the US, China, and Europe compete for supply chains.

Building ecosystems

Ember urges deliberate policy action — industrial strategies like Vietnam's electronics push or Morocco's battery materials hub — to capture value rather than simply importing hardware.

It also stresses the need to address maintenance gaps and build local repair ecosystems to sustain the transition.

A third way forward

Hanger's tweet and the Ember analysis present electrotech not as an environmental imperative alone, but as a pragmatic development strategy.

For nations long trapped in energy poverty, the data suggests the fossil fuel era was never the necessary stepping stone it appeared to be for richer economies.

Instead, these countries stand at the frontier of a faster, cheaper, and more sovereign path to prosperity.

Whether the rest of the world — and its chorus of skeptics — will embrace this “fast-track” remains an open question.

But the direction of journey is unmistakable.

The old model has already failed millions, while a new, electric pathway is beginning to prove — quietly but decisively — that it can deliver.

And for now, the contrast is stark: as the future accelerates elsewhere, millions still wind through serpentine fuel lines, waiting just to keep life moving.