Photos: Endangered Asiatic lion prides conquer disease to roam free in Gujarat

Asiatic lions are seen from a tourist vehicle at the Gir National Park and Sanctuary at Sasan Gir, some 330 kilometers from Ahmedabad. An outbreak of a deadly viral disease among Asiatic lions in India's Gir forest is keeping conservationists on their toes amid fears that another epidemic could devastate the last surviving population of the endangered species.

The majestic big cats, slightly smaller than their African cousins and with a fold of skin along their bellies, were once found widely across southwest Asia. Hunting and human encroachment saw the population plunge to just 20 by 1913, and the lions are now found only in a wildlife sanctuary in India's western Gujarat state. Above, lion cubs in their open enclosure at the Sakkarbaug Zoological Garden, which takes part in a captive breeding programme for endangered Asiatic lions, in Junagadh, some 320 kilometers from Ahmedabad.

Following years of concerted government efforts, the lion population in Gir National Park has swelled to nearly 700, according to an official census last year. But just three years ago, the conservation success looked to be in danger when several lions started to die in one part of the 1,400 square kilometre (545 square mile) forest.

The canine distemper virus - a highly infectious disease - was detected among dozens of the royal beasts, killing at least 11 of them. "We picked all the lions from the area and isolated them," Dushyant Vasavada, the park's chief conservator of forests, told AFP.

Tourists ride jeeps to catch a glimpse of Asiatic lions at the Gir National Park and Sanctuary at Sasan Gir.

"We vaccinated the lions in captivity and successfully controlled the disease and no new outbreak has been observed," Vasavada said, adding that park rangers were still closely monitoring their health.

Lions are a source of pride for India, particularly in Gujarat's Saurashtra region, where man and beast coexist. A cattle-rearing tribe lives among the animals in the sanctuary, and it is not uncommon to see a pride of lions crossing a highway in the region as motorists wait and watch.

The king of the jungle is also a major tourist attraction, along with leopards, panthers and other big cats found in the sanctuary. Around 550,000 people visit the park each year, riding in open-top jeeps as they try to spot the predators prowling among pale yellow deciduous trees. "It is a very thrilling experience to see the lions from close in the wild," said forest guide Dinesh Sadiya. But the 2018 virus outbreak was a reminder that the steady growth in the animal's population cannot be taken for granted. Above, a child poses near cutouts depicting lions at the Gir National Park and Sanctuary at Sasan Gir.

A lion trekker walks in the Gir National Park and Sanctuary at Sasan Gir. The lions have low genetic diversity due to their small population size, making them more vulnerable to epidemics. A 1993 outbreak of canine distemper virus in Tanzania's Serengeti National Park killed a third of its 3,000 lions. Wildlife biologist Ravi Chellam said that outbreak underscored the need to move a few prides to other sites nearby.

Efforts to move some lions to other states have been mired in legal wrangles with the state government, which wants to keep the animals in Gujarat. Authorities have instead proposed finding new homes for some lions in other parts of the state.

A shopkeeper arranging soft toys depicting lions, leopards and spotted deer near Sasan Gir Lion Safari at Sasan Gir.