Critics find their voice

The artiste stands outside the National Capitol building, the most visible landmark on Havana's crumbling skyline, puts three pieces of glass on the sidewalk and places a scuba mask over his face.

The video performance, titled Crossing the Sea at Night, is just a few minutes long, consisting of a series of simulated swimming strokes.

Its provocation is subtle. But its public forum and theme — given the widespread emigration to the US by sea — are part of a social critique by a group of young artists, poets, sculptors, and rappers seeking to spur dialogue in a nation where newspapers and television often reflect a state-approved reality.

But for many Cubans this is far from sufficient. And nowhere is hope for change more fervent than among the island's young adults, who never experienced the hardships prior to the 1959 revolution that brought Fidel Castro to power.

Instead, they have grown up in an era of asceticism as the Soviet Union collapsed and its funds for Cuba dried up. They have been told over and over to be patient, to have faith, that change will soon come.

“We were born in a generation that instilled faith in us that things were going to improve, spiritually and materially, if we just followed the path,'' says Natividad Soto Kessel, a sculptor with the group of young artists that organises under the name Omni Zonafranca.

“But it is the same as it was,'' pipes in Adolfo Cabrera, a founding member of Omni Zonafranca.

“We think there has been no improvement because there is no dialogue,'' Soto Kessel adds.

Perhaps nobody is stirring more dialogue right now than the young Cuban blogger Yoani Sanchez, who says her entries began as a personal catharsis and have since received worldwide attention.

“I had so much to say, I was up to my neck,'' says the wiry Sanchez, who recently won the prestigious Ortega y Gasset prize in Spain for digital journalism.

Her blog, Generacion Y offers criticism of the public discourse of Cuba's officials and chronicles the problems citizens face. She says that while the Raul Castro administration is little more than a succession, Fidel Castro's resignation opens space for debate.

Youths play a key role in this new environment, she says, adding that technology will help them circumvent government control.

Still wary of the State

Still, such bold moves are more the cutting edge than the status quo. Many students say they still fervently accept the system. Mariet, a young law student at the University of Havana who declined to share her last name, says that revolution is a constant series of changes towards improvement.

This country “is not perfect'', she says. “But if we criticise, we should try to be positive and constructive.''

Students across the campus say they believe in change — but that it should happen within a government framework. Jorge and Yahisa, cybernetics students at the University of Havana, say internet access is their main concern.

“To be students and not have access to something so amazing, especially as cybernetics students, this worries us,'' Yahisa says. “But we have to voice concerns within official channels. Our responsibility is to be knowledgeable about what is going on but we are not prepared politically to know what is best.''

Today's youths came of age during the extreme austerity of the 1990s after the sudden loss of Soviet largesse. Hardship has been their generation's dominant theme. Many have emigrated. In a 25-month period from 2005 to 2007, 77,000 Cubans fled to the US — an even larger exodus than the “rafter'' crisis of the 1990s.

Observers say the government has tried to address growing disillusionment among those who stayed. In recent months, the Raul Castro administration has gone to great lengths to seek and publicise citizen complaints, often via state-run media.

“Young people have lost their fear,'' says Carlos Serpa Maceira, an independent journalist in Havana. He flips through photo albums chronicling a student movement seeking more university autonomy. The group collected 5,000 signatures that they presented to the Education Ministry.

Like almost all of the people interviewed, Cabrera says he has no desire to veer from the socialist system. All he wants, he says, is to express his voice. To that end, his group's work includes poems and songs about corruption, women's inequality and racism. “Our goal is not a direct confrontation with the state,'' he says, but adds, “That is always the indirect result.''