In Photos: Former New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern's journey from politics to environment

Jacinda Ardern delivered her final speech to New Zealand's Parliament on Wednesday, as the former prime minister is set to begin new global roles combating online extremism and protecting the environment. Ardern stepped down in January but had remained in Parliament to avoid triggering an election ahead of the national one in October. Her resignation as prime minister came as a surprise, especially abroad, where her empathetic style of governance elevated her as a liberal feminist icon, even as her reputation at home was more mixed.

Dogged throughout her term by sexist remarks and comments on her youth, the 42-year-old Ardern encouraged young people Wednesday not to be deterred by outdated perceptions of what makes a good leader. "I do hope that I've demonstrated something else entirely. That you can be anxious, sensitive, kind, and wear your heart on your sleeve," said Ardern, dressed in white, swathed in a traditional Maori cloak and fighting back tears. "You can be a mother or not. You can be an ex-Mormon or not. You can be a nerd, a crier, a hugger. You can be all of these things. And not only can you be here, you can lead just like me."

Christopher Luxon, leader of the main opposition National Party, paid tribute to Ardern on Wednesday, describing her leadership following the Christchurch massacre as "exemplary" and saying that she "kept our profile internationally in a good place." But the center-right politician also criticized her management of the economy.

Ardern said in January that "I no longer have enough in the tank" to contest the October election. Her center-left Labour Party had been trailing the main conservative opposition in the polls before her resignation as prime minister. Her 5 1/2 years in high office were among the most challenging in the South Pacific country's modern history and included a 2019 terrorist attack in Christchurch on two mosques, a volcanic eruption and the coronavirus pandemic. "When you look back at Jacinda's five years, the truth is that 2 1/2 of it was taken out by the pandemic," former prime minister Helen Clark - a mentor to Ardern - told Radio New Zealand. "It doesn't give you a lot of clear run on your economic and social policy agenda. Looking back, there needs to be more recognition that the pandemic blindsided governments, communities, publics around the world. It wasn't easy."

Many viewed New Zealand's coronavirus policies - which included tight lockdowns and sealed borders - as a success. But opposition from the far right, fueled in part by misogyny and misinformation, led to violent protests outside Parliament against vaccine mandates and other covid restrictions.

She was also criticized for failing to tackle the country's housing crisis and abandoning a signature policy to build 100,000 homes. Responding to that Wednesday, Ardern said that any politician who declares the "job done" on issues such as poverty, inequality and environmental degradation has "set the bar too low." "Politics has never been a tick list for me. It's always been about progress. Sometimes you can measure it, and sometimes you can't," she said, running through a list of achievements including tough new gun laws introduced in the wake of the 2019 attacks. "There will be no list of the lives saved because of the banning of military-style semiautomatic weapons."

Ardern was the second world leader in modern times to give birth in office, a pregnancy she found out about only days before she formed her first government. On Wednesday, she opened up about her fertility struggles, saying that when she became leader of her party, she had "experienced a failed IVF round" not long before and threw herself into the election campaign, rather than dwell on her disappointment. In a prime time interview that aired Tuesday, cameras followed Ardern as she cleared out her office. Among her keepsakes: a temporary United Nations badge issued to her 3-month-old daughter, "Ms. Neve Te Aroha Ardern Gayford," who became a "first baby" when she accompanied her mother to the U.N. General Assembly in New York in 2018.

Ardern's successor as prime minister, Chris Hipkins, announced Tuesday that she had been appointed to an unpaid role as a special envoy to the Christchurch Call - a global initiative begun by Ardern and French President Emmanuel Macron to urge tech giants and other governments to commit to combating the spread of extremism on social media.