Problem of hyperactivity

ADHD is not a pathological defect or disorder. Instead, it is now being considered as a neurobiological disorder and a genetic difference


Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD (as it is popularly known) has been in the news a lot recently.

Like all other areas of medicine a revolution is happening in the treatment of ADHD too. Both the professionals in the field and the people diagnosed are now agreeing that ADHD is not a disease, pathology, defect or disorder. Instead, ADHD is now being considered as a neurobiological disorder and a genetic difference.

Researchers now believe that ADHD is caused by chemicals in the brain not working properly. Although we understand that there is an inheritance factor, we still don't understand the cause of the disorder.

More precisely ADHD is characterised mainly by the inability to sustain focussed attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity.

To put it more simply and aptly it would not be wrong to say that people with ADHD would ideally like to live in a hunting/gathering world, while those without the ADHD trait are better suited to a life of cautious, methodical agriculture.

And along with this reframing of ADHD comes a redefinition of the best ways to help people who find that their hunter skills don't always serve them optimally in this farmer's world.
Based on the latest diagnosis criteria, the DSM-IV (TR), there are three types of ADHD:

- ADHD with the combined characteristics of hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention.

- ADHD with inattention as the primary characteristic.

- ADHD with hyperactivity and impulsivity as primary characteristics.

Together with this new and reframed definition of ADHD comes a series of new, improved and effective ways of dealing with the disorder.

Coaching, it turns out, is one of the most powerful and effective ways for people with ADHD to achieve success. Coaching builds self-esteem and self-reliance. It also emphasises on strength recognition and redirection and seeks to fill in empty spots by teaching and training for new skills. The goal of coaching, however, should be self-generative, i.e. to ultimately teach people with ADHD to be their own coach.

Shown in the boxes are behavioural symptoms that will help you decide whether your child may be ADHD affected. If the symptoms are exhibited in at least two separate settings then you do have a cause to worry. Seek early diagnosis and treatment – you and your child deserve it.

Type I

Predominately inattentive type
Requires 6 of the 9 symptoms below
- Often fails to pay attention to details
- Makes careless mistakes
- Difficulty staying on task
- Doesn't follow through
- Doesn't seem to listen
- Poor organisational skills
- Loses important things
- Easily distracted
l- Forgetful of daily activities


Type II

Predominately hyperactive type
Requires 6 of the 9 symptoms below
- Fidgets with hands and feet
- Often leaves seat in classroom
- Runs about or climbs excessively
- Can't play quietly
- "On the go" – "Motor always running"
- Talks excessively
- Blurts out answers
- Can't wait his turn
- Often interrupts or intrudes on others


Type III

Combined type
Requires six symptoms from inattentive Type, six from hyperactive type


Myths attached to ADHD

Myth: My child will outgrow ADHD by his teen years: I'll wait for problem behaviour to disappear.
Reality: As the child with ADHD reaches teen years, he or she will certainly behave differently. But 75 per cent of these children will continue to have problems at school, with peers, with family and for some with the authorities. Even as adults, 50-60 per cent of these will continue to exhibit symptoms of ADHD. Sadly, as many as 25 per cent will have anti-social personalities that lead to physical aggression, court involvement, addiction and even incarceration.

Myth: ADHD is just an excuse for poor parenting. A good spanking would cure the problem.
Reality: People who don't understand ADHD are quick to blame the parents when they see a child showing aggressive or impulsive behaviour. Poor parenting does not cause ADHD. The preferred method of discipline for ADHD is an effective behavioural management programme that models and rewards good behaviour with privileges and keeps to a consistent routine with clear rules and expectations, and avoids confrontations or physical battles.

Myth: ADHD is not a life-threatening condition. It should not be taken so seriously.
Reality: While ADHD is not as obvious as leukaemia or diabetes, it can still be a serious, debilitating condition. ADHD can thwart a child's efforts in the classroom, on the playground, cripple relationships and keep adults from realising their true potential.
It also robs the victims of the much-needed self-esteem.


* Part II on ADHD next fortnight