Spike in hMPV infections: WHO issues new guidelines

The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued updated guidelines following a surge in acute respiratory infections globally, including cases of Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV).

Amid co-circulating pathogens such as seasonal influenza (flu), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and mycoplasma pneumoniae, WHO underscores the pressure this trend may place on healthcare systems.

Key WHO recommendations, issued on Tuesday (January 6, 2025), include:

1. Precautions in winter: People in winter-affected areas are urged to take measures to limit respiratory pathogen spread, focusing on protecting vulnerable populations.

2. Stay home if mildly ill: Those with mild symptoms are encouraged to rest at home to prevent further transmission.

3. Seek immediate care when necessary: High-risk individuals or those with severe symptoms should consult medical professionals promptly.

4. Adopt preventive measures: WHO advises wearing masks in crowded spaces, maintaining hand hygiene, covering coughs and sneezes, and staying updated on vaccinations as per health guidelines.

Rise in hMPV cases

China's CDC, citing data as of December 29, 2024, reported an uptick in common respiratory infections, including hMPV, "in line with seasonal trends".

Meanwhile, Professor Antonia Ho from the Medical Research Council at the University of Glasgow stated:

"Human Metapneumovirus typically causes mild flu-like illnesses but can lead to severe conditions in vulnerable individuals, such as children, immunocompromised patients, and older adults. Its seasonal peak in winter mirrors patterns seen with influenza and RSV."

WHO emphasized that despite increased respiratory infections in regions like northern China, the healthcare system remains stable, and no emergency measures have been triggered.

Surveillance

The WHO urges member states to strengthen respiratory pathogen monitoring using integrated surveillance approaches tailored to national priorities and resources.

Existing global systems, such as the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS), will continue to provide data on trends in respiratory illnesses.

As of now, WHO advises against travel or trade restrictions in relation to current respiratory infection trends.

The organisation reassures the public that the observed patterns align with typical seasonal increases and has committed to further updates based on evolving situations.