Solar device developed in Abu Dhabi produces power and fresh water

Abu Dhabi: Researchers at Khalifa University have developed a solar-powered device that simultaneously generates electricity and fresh water by integrating concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) cells with membrane distillation. This dual-function system is part of a broader effort to tackle global energy and water shortages.

The hybrid design uses waste heat from solar cells to power a thermal desalination process, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional systems that typically rely on fossil fuels or separate energy sources.

The findings, led by Dr. Mohamed Ali, Dr. Kabir Ali, and Dr. Mostafa Ismail from the Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, were published in the international journal Energy.

“Instead of letting waste heat go unused, we redirect it to purify water,” said Dr. Mohamed Ali. “Access to clean water is essential in remote communities, supporting health and improving quality of life. By combining renewable energy with sustainable desalination, we address critical energy, water, and environmental challenges.”

The team used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate system performance under different solar intensities, water flow rates, and seasonal conditions. Lab experiments validated the results. Freshwater output peaked in summer afternoons, while electricity production was highest around midday.

The system is highly energy-efficient, requiring power only for water pumping — far less than traditional desalination methods. However, the researchers note challenges remain before commercial deployment, including durability in harsh climates and scaling the technology.

Still, the work marks a significant advance in developing decentralized, sustainable solutions for arid and remote regions.