UBS Group AG completed the acquisition of Credit Suisse Group AG, sealing the biggest merger in banking since the 2008 financial crisis and creating a global wealth-management titan.
The closing of the deal, announced in an open letter published on Monday, ends Credit Suisse’s independent existence after 167 years and allows UBS to move forward with the complex integration of the former rival, a process that’s likely to involve thousands of job cuts.
The acquisition, agreed in March in an emergency rescue brokered by the Swiss government, sets UBS up for a windfall gain in the tens of billions of dollars, while saddling it with potential mark-downs of Credit Suisse assets as well as legal and regulatory costs. The closing of the deal comes after UBS finalised negotiations with the Swiss government over a 9 billion Swiss franc ($10 billion) guarantee against potential losses on Credit Suisse assets.
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At the helm of the combined bank, UBS CEO Sergio Ermotti now faces the task of fusing two banks with significant overlap and deciding which activities to jettison. Regulators are still determining what adjustments to liquidity and capital requirements and risk weighted asset measures the combined entity will need to make.
The Swiss government backstop was necessary because UBS had little time to do due diligence and Credit Suisse has hard-to-value assets on its books that UBS plans to wind down. An accord was signed on Friday in which the government agreed to cover losses on a specific portfolio of Credit Suisse assets, corresponding to about 3 per cent of the merged banks’ combined assets, after an initial 5 billion francs is borne by the bank.
While Ermotti has said it’s “exceptionally unlikely” that the guarantee will be needed, securing the state backing helps UBS maintain market confidence while it undergoes the transition. Now UBS will have full access to Credit Suisse’s business, including clients and loan exposures, giving it the ability to make decisions on what else it plans to put in the wind-down unit.
UBS said in a separate statement that it expects its CET1 ratio, a key measure of capital strength, to be around 14 per cent in the second quarter of 2023 and for the rest of the year. Operating losses and restructuring charges at Credit Suisse will likely be offset by reductions in risk-weighted assets, it said.
Shares of UBS rose 0.5 per cent at 9:17am in Zurich trading. The stock has gained 6.3 per cent this year, trailing the 8.5 per cent increase in the Stoxx 600 Banks Index. Shares of Credit Suisse will no longer trade starting Tuesday, though the bank will continue to operate with its own branches and subsidiaries “pending further integration”, UBS reiterated Monday.
UBS has said it plans to cut risk at the investment bank and take control of the business Credit Suisse employees do with clients. In particular, UBS will be able to impose its own, much tighter risk tolerance and restrictions for specific types of loans and clients in tricky jurisdictions.
Ermotti has said that due to differences in risk appetite UBS may not take on all of Credit Suisse’s clients. Chairman Colm Kelleher has also said that employees will be viewed through a ‘culture filter’ to ensure they fit with UBS.
“We will never compromise on UBS’s strong culture, conservative risk approach or quality service,” the bank said in the open letter, signed by Kelleher and Ermotti. “Many are counting on us to make this acquisition work.”
UBS also has yet to make a decision on the future of the Swiss domestic business it acquired from Credit Suisse, a part of the lender that had been consistently profitable amid the turmoil elsewhere and had played a leading role in financing Swiss companies and households.
Originally, UBS planned to fully integrate the local unit but later backtracked, with Ermotti saying that all options were on the table, including sale or spinoff. UBS said it would make a decision in the third quarter of this year.
UBS has said it also plans to have detailed integration plans for each of the business units, as well as a defined plan for specific activities it will wind down in a non-core unit by the fourth quarter.
Credit Suisse’s demise was sealed in March after years of losses and management failures that ranged from a spying scandal under former CEO Tidjane Thiam to the multi-billion-dollar hit from the collapse of Archegos Capital Management in 2021. Two successive attempts to re-orient the lender ultimately came to nothing, as clients accelerated withdrawals of their funds late in 2022, and again early this year in the wake of the failure of Silicon Valley Bank.
