Why Dubai Police is a global leader in combating cybercrimes

Dubai: The Dubai Police Digital Forensics Department, once a small unit focused on early computers and faxes, has evolved into a sophisticated department that is now a global leader in combating cybercrimes.

From audio forensics to emotion detection technology, the department deploys an array of advanced technologies to address rapidly evolving crimes ranging from online harassment to impersonation using deepfakes and digital heists.

Founded 24 years ago, the department now boasts seven specialised units, 70 experts, and additional staff. The increasing reliance on technology has led to a significant rise in complaints, with the department handling 80-100 cases monthly.

In an exclusive interview with Gulf News, Lieutenant Colonel Hamd Juma Khamis, head of digital forensic evidence at Dubai Police, highlighted the department’s adaptability and international recognition. Collaborating globally on cases involving data recovery, decryption, and analysis, the department has earned accolades such as the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Award.

A notable case the department has solved was a high-profile theft involving a person disguised in an abaya who later changed into a T-shirt, shorts, and a cap after entering a shop. The suspect stole Dh50 million worth of gold and watches. Investigators tracked his movements using CCTV footage from multiple locations, including a metro station, City Walk, and JBR.

The suspect discarded his mobile device in the marina to cover his tracks, but forensic experts recovered it from the water. Using advanced techniques to dry, repair, and extract data from the damaged device, the team successfully gathered evidence, leading to the arrest of the suspect within 25 days.

The department also addresses the misuse of technology by children for acts such as cyberbullying and pranks. Lieutenant Colonel Khamis emphasised the critical role of parents and guardians in monitoring children’s online behavior and teaching them responsible technology use. Investigators handle cases involving threats and harassment communicated through digital channels like emails and text messages.

The department uncovered scams involving individuals posing as spiritual healers to exploit women on social media. Victims, often targeted on Instagram, were lured into paying for spells to influence people in their lives. Communications were shifted to WhatsApp, where one scammer convinced a woman to pay for spells affecting 30 people. This case highlighted the department’s efforts to combat online fraud while raising awareness about social media scams.

CCTV technology played a crucial role in investigating counterfeit-related crimes, showcasing the department’s ability to adapt to evolving challenges. Forensic teams used biometric identification tools and 3D imaging technology to analyse and compare fraudulent documents with authentic ones. These advanced techniques enabled them to track suspects, gather evidence, and address crimes involving both traditional and digital methods.

Lieutenant Colonel Khamis reported an alarming rise in scams exploiting artificial intelligence and human vulnerabilities. Criminals use AI to evade detection by covering their tracks or discreetly conducting illegal activities, such as drug use. They also post fake job ads requiring applicants to open bank accounts or provide personal information, often leading to identity theft.

Task-based scams have also surged, where individuals are recruited to perform tasks like transferring money using their bank cards. Initially, victims are paid for their work but are later asked to pay a fee to upgrade their user level for higher earnings. These scams frequently target individuals seeking part-time work and can serve as fronts for money laundering or drug trafficking.

In one case, scammers gathered personal data under the guise of a job application process, creating accounts for credit card fraud and exploiting stolen identities. The use of voice impersonation, employing various accents and voices, further complicated the investigations. Dubai Police tackled these crimes by leveraging international law enforcement collaborations and cybersecurity tools to identify and apprehend the perpetrators.

Lieutenant Colonel Khamis said the COVID-19 pandemic presented a unique challenge for the department, as widespread mask wearing hindered facial recognition efforts. In response, the department further enhanced its focus on gait analysis and other non-facial biometric identification methods, demonstrating their adaptability and commitment to staying ahead of emerging challenges.

Lieutenant Colonel Khamis said the department has investigated deepfakes, which are fabricated videos or audio recordings that can be used to spread misinformation or harm someone’s reputation. For example, they investigated a case involving a deepfake audio recording used in a blackmail attempt. Challenges in combating cybercrime include rapid technological advancements, data recovery and encryption issues, and jurisdictional hurdles.

Criminals are using increasingly advanced techniques learned online, such as anti-forensic software that prevents investigators from accessing devices. The cross-border nature of cybercrime complicates investigations and prosecutions, particularly when crimes occur outside the UAE, which limits access to evidence and suspects. As cybercrime evolves, investigators must stay updated on the latest trends and technologies. To address these threats, UAE law enforcement is strengthening partnerships with international agencies and technology firms.

The UAE’s cyberforensics laboratories are accredited by two international bodies: ISO 17025 for laboratories and ILAC for impartiality and independence in conducting examinations.

To enhance digital forensics services in Dubai Police, Lieutenant Colonel Khamis plans to establish digital forensics units within police stations across Dubai, mainly in Al Barsha and Bur Dubai police stations.

He acknowledged difficulties in cases where perpetrators or evidence exist outside the UAE, emphasizing the need for stronger international cooperation.

Despite challenges, he said the force has a high success rate in solving cybercrime cases, successfully identifying crime methods, and gathering evidence, with rare exceptions due to irretrievable data.