Washington: Global growth is set to slow over the next two years as central banks raise borrowing rates and US fiscal stimulus starts to fade, the World Bank said.

The world economy will grow 3.1 per cent this year and 3 per cent in 2019, the development lender said Tuesday in its latest Global Economic Prospects report. Both forecasts were unchanged from January, the last time the Washington-based bank updated its projections. About half the world’s economies are accelerating, underscoring the breadth of the upswing.

Growth will further slow in 2020 as the world economy approaches full output, trade and investment growth wanes, and financial conditions tighten, the World Bank said. Risks are tilted to the downside, and include the threat of a sudden contraction in global credit and a spike in protectionism.

“We’re asking whether the tide is now turning,” Ayhan Kose, director of the World Bank Group’s Development Prospects Group, said in an interview. “This broad-based upturn story we had is no longer there. So we are expecting a slowdown.”

Investors are weighing the solid performance of the global economy against a host of threats, including interest-rate hikes by the US Federal Reserve, the prospect of a trade war between America and China, and the election of a euro-sceptic government in Italy.

The World Bank views an unexpected tightening of financial conditions as the top risk to emerging markets and developing economies, Kose said. Still, the development lender doesn’t see imminent signs of a financial crisis brewing in emerging markets, despite recent bouts of volatility in Argentina and Turkey, he said.

A global trade war would hit emerging markets hardest, according to the World Bank, which projected the impact if every country increased tariffs to the highest levels allowed under World Trade Organisation rules.

“Global growth right now is robust. This is a good time to find ways to sustain global growth,” Kose said. “Trade has always been a major factor in supporting the global economy, especially in emerging markets and developing economies.”

Taxes, spending

The World Bank upgraded its forecast for US growth this year to 2.7 per cent, up 0.2 point from January. The US will grow 2.5 per cent next year, up 0.3 point from six months ago. The spending increases passed by Congress in February were the main factor behind the upgrades.

The spending boost, coupled with tax cuts that took effect earlier this year, will raise the US budget deficit to 5 per cent of gross domestic product over the next decade, from 3.5 per cent last year, according to the World Bank.

Euro-area countries are expected to grow 2.1 per cent this year and 1.7 per cent next, unchanged from January, the bank said.

The development lender cut its forecast for growth this year in Japan by 0.3 point to 1 per cent, as higher oil prices cut into incomes and fiscal tightening drags on growth. Japan’s economy will grow 0.8 per cent next year, unchanged from the forecast at the start of the year.

China will expand 6.5 per cent in 2018, up 0.1 point from January, the bank said. Chinese growth will slow to 6.3 per cent next year and 6.2 per cent in 2020.