Thailand's pet lion problem sparks concern amongst conservationists

In Chiang Mai, Thailand, a TikTok influencer named Tharnuwarht Plengkemratch lives with two lions and a lion-tiger hybrid called “Big George.” He shares videos of his animals with nearly three million followers, saying they’re friendly, like dogs or cats.

Owning lions is legal in Thailand, and the number of captive lions is growing fast. Nearly 500 lions are now kept in homes, zoos, breeding farms, and cafes. Some people are even opening “lion cafes,” where visitors can pose with lion cubs. But experts are worried.

Wildlife groups warn that this trend is dangerous for people and harmful to the animals. Many cubs are inbred, poorly cared for, or sold too young. While owners must register lions and microchip them, there are few rules about breeding, housing, or health. Cubs can be untracked for up to 60 days after birth, raising fears of illegal sales.

Pathamawadee Janpithak is one of several breeders. She started with crocodiles but switched to lions as demand rose. Her three facilities house around 80 lions, and she sells cubs for about $15,500 each. However, as more breeders join the business, prices are falling, and many cubs become sick or unwanted.

Some lions disappear from public records, which may suggest deaths, secret sales, or cross-border trade. While Thailand has rules for importing and selling lions, enforcement is difficult and costly.

Experts and wildlife officials agree that stronger laws are needed. Conservationists say lions should not be kept as pets and warn that Thailand’s big cat boom may soon spiral out of control.

“Wild animals belong in the wild,” said Sadudee Punpugdee, a Thai wildlife official. “There are many other animals people can safely keep as pets.”