BEIRUT: It has become known for horrific images of beheadings and torture, but Daesh is trying to lure foreign recruits to its "caliphate" with promises of adventure, homes, jobs - even love.
Using sophisticated recruitment techniques, the militants have attracted hundreds of supporters from Western countries to the swathes of territory they have seized in Syria and Iraq.
In the beginning, these efforts focused on luring young men to join the ranks of fighters.
But Daesh is increasingly targeting young Western women, as dramatically illustrated last month when three British teenaged girls ran away from their London homes to join the militants.
Experts say many are shocked by what they find in Daesh territory, but by then it is too late.
" IS (Daesh) sells its Islamic utopia to these young men and women," said Lina Khatib, head of the Carnegie Endowment's Middle East Centre in Beirut.
"It tells them that this is the only real Islamic state in the world, and that they can become important figures in it."
Experts say the number of Westerners who have travelled to the "caliphate", which is more than twice the size of Jordan and home to about six million people, is about 3,000, including roughly 550 women.
In the latest high-profile case, three close friends from London - a 16-year-old and two 15-year-old girls - are believed to have crossed into Syria last month after flying to Turkey from London.
One of them is believed to have been in contact with Aqsa Mahmood, a woman from Glasgow, Scotland, who reportedly travelled to Syria last year to marry an Daesh fighter.
Mahmood's English-language blog - "Diary of a Muhajirah" (Diary of a Traveller) - has become a key source of Daesh propaganda aimed at women.
'Till martyrdom do us part'
"We don't pay rent here. Houses are given for free. We pay neither electric nor water bills. We are given monthly groceries. Spaghetti, pasta, can foods, rice, eggs," Mahmood wrote in one recent post.
Work is available too, she said, for women who want jobs in education and health care.
Marriage in Daesh territory also has its perks, Mahmood has written.
Daesh fighters receive "seven days off" as part of the wedding celebrations and new brides can choose their own dowry - but instead of requests for jewellery, they ask for Kalashnikovs.
"Newly married couples are given $700 as a gift," Mahmood wrote. "We don't have fireworks but we celebrate the wedding by gunshots and lots of takbeer," or shouts of "Allahu akbar" (God is greatest).
A picture featured on her site of a bearded fighter and his new wife, dressed in a full white veil, was captioned: "Till martyrdom do us part."
Responding to a question from a young girl conflicted about leaving her boyfriend and moving to Syria, Mahmood wrote: "I promise, that one day someone will hug you so tightly and fix back all the broken pieces - Yes, it's your halal husband."
The term halal is used to describe things - from people to food and services - that comply with Islamic religious requirements.
'An empty project'
Other Daesh recruitment tools, such as its online English-language magazine Dabiq, also tout the benefits available to arriving foreigners.
"There are plenty of homes and resources to cover you and your family," the magazine has written. According to Iraqi officials, Daesh has redistributed to fighters any homes vacated by civilians fleeing the group's takeover.
In its own version of classified ads, Dabiq advertised that Daesh needs "judges, people with military or administrative skills, doctors, and engineers" to travel to its territory.
Carnegie's Khatib said it was clear that propagandists like Mahmood were working under the supervision of Daesh.
"If she's real, then there's no doubt that the Islamic State group (Daesh) supervises her," she said. "She's one of their recruitment tools."
"These girls join this organisation looking for adventure... and some of them live in an imaginary world, dreaming of marrying fighters," Hassan Hassan, author of "ISIS: Inside the Army of Terror", told AFP.
But once they have joined the ranks of Daesh, experts said, young recruits will find that trying to leave may cost them their lives.
More than 120 people were killed between October and December for trying to leave Daesh territory, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a monitoring group.
"I conducted interviews with two young men who came back from (Daesh-held) Raqa and other areas, and it was clear they were resentful and felt like they had been tricked," Khatib said.
Instead of the Islamic utopia Daesh had promised, these young men encountered an area whose governance "was based on oppression and tells them not to think".
"They felt like they had been sold an empty project."
