KARACHI: From Algeria to Iraq to Yemen, one name crops up again and again in the demands of Islamist hostage-takers: Aafia Seddiqi, the Pakistani scientist jailed in the United States for attacking American soldiers in Afghanistan.
Militant groups from Al Qaida and its offshoots to Daesh have sought the 42-year-old’s release in exchange for captives, most recently the US journalist James Foley, beheaded by Daesh in August.
In an interview with AFP in the sprawling, violent Pakistani port metropolis of Karachi, Seddiqi’s family protested her innocence and despaired at the horrors associated with her name.
Seddiqi’s story, one of the most intriguing of the “war on terror” era, began in March 2003 when Al Qaida number three and alleged main 9/11 architect Khalid Shaikh Mohammad was arrested in Karachi.
Mohammad, often referred to by his initials KSM, was handed to the Americans and transferred to Guantanamo Bay, where he was repeatedly waterboarded and “rectally rehydrated” as part of interrogations, according to a Senate report on CIA torture.
Soon after his arrest, Seddiqi — suspected of Al Qaida links by the US — disappeared along with her three children in Karachi.
The few US media reports about the incident described her as the first woman to be suspected of links to Osama Bin Laden’s terror network — earning her the moniker “Lady Al Qaida”.
Five years later she turned up in Pakistan’s wartorn neighbour Afghanistan, where she was arrested by local forces in the restive southeastern province of Gazni.
According to US court papers, she was carrying two kilos of sodium cyanide hidden in moisturiser bottles, along with plans for chemical weapons and New York’s Brooklyn Bridge and Empire State Building.
The Afghans handed her to US forces who began questioning her. During her interrogation she grabbed a rifle and opened fire, according to witnesses, at US agents while screaming “Death to America” and “I want to kill Americans”. The soldiers escaped unhurt, but she was injured.
From Afghanistan, Seddiqi was put on trial in the US and sentenced in 2010 to 86 years for attempted murder — and not for any Al Qaida links.
Much about the case remains unclear — where was Seddiqi between her disappearance in 2003 and reappearance in 2008?
Even the US trial judge Richard Berman acknowledged in his verdict that it had “never definitely been established why Dr Seddiqi and her son were in Afghanistan”.
Her supporters claim she was the victim of a secret Pakistan-US plot.
According to her family, Seddiqi and her three children — Ahmad, Mariam and little Sulaiman, then six months old and today dead — were about to leave their house in the posh Gulshan-e-Iqbal district of Karachi for the airport when they were apprehended by Pakistani and US agents.
“When Aafia left, couple of hours or so later, there was a knock at the door. My mum walked to the gate and asked ‘who is it?’” Fawzia Seddiqi, Aafia’s sister told AFP.
“He... said something like: ‘If you say anything or report this to the police, you will have four dead bodies’.”
At her trial in New York in 2010 — her only public appearance since 2003 — she said she was detained for a “long time” in a “secret prison” in Afghanistan.
Her supporters said she was the “ghost prisoner” in Bagram, serial number 650, but this is denied by the US.
There was little in Seddiqi’s upbringing in an elite family to suggest her life would pan out as it has.
After a childhood split between Pakistan and Zambia, the 18-year-old Seddiqi travelled to Texas, where her brother lived, before studying at Boston’s prestigious MIT and doing a PhD in neuroscience at Brandeis University.
In the 1990s, her family arranged a marriage for her with Amjad Khan, a Karachi doctor who joined her in the US. Between her studies, she devoted herself to charities and distributing copies of the Quran at her university.
From 2001, the couple appeared on the FBI radar for donations to Islamic organisations and the purchase in the husband’s name of $10,000 (Dh36,700) worth of nightvision goggles, books on warfare and other equipment.
The following year they returned to Pakistan and Aafia asked for a divorce. American officials suspect she has remarried Ammar Al Balochi, KSM’s nephew, though her family deny this.
Some US officials believe Seddiqi was with Al Qaida since her time in America and spent 2003-2008 in Afghanistan with the family of Balochi, who was arrested in 2003 and interned in Guantanamo.
Her family deny this, while General Pervez Musharraf, Pakistan’s military ruler at the time, said he would not have handed a Pakistani over to the US.
“Our views were clear: no Pakistani will ever be handed over to anyone — that was our policy and we followed it very strictly,” Musharraf told AFP.
As the “war on terror” winds its way through its second decade, Seddiqi risks going from “Lady Al Qaida” to “Lady Islamic State (Daesh)”, after the Foley episode.
“If the US isn’t doing anything about it, if the Pakistanis don’t do anything about it, people like Daesh [the Islamic State] will exploit” the case, her sister says.
“If Aafia knew about this the way her name is being used, she would be devastated.”
