Little food, little water and no fuel

Gaza City: In just 18 days of war, Hesham Abu Ram-adan has fallen into a new routine.

He gets up before dawn and goes to his mosque, not just to pray, but to charge his cell phone, since it's the only place in the neighbourhood with a generator. After prayers, he gets in line at a nearby bakery, where as many as 150 people are already waiting to buy bread.

"We've gotten accustomed to this life," said Abu Ramadan, 37.

Others face a tougher time.

In Khalid Al Dali's two-room shack in the Shati refugee camp, 21 people - half of them relatives who fled the fighting - take turns sleeping because there aren't enough mattresses to go around.

Without fuel, the family cooks on fires made from trash. He has sold most of his furniture to buy food.

Gazans have become adept at coping with conflict, including curfews, street clashes and, most recently, severe shortages created by an 18-month border blockade by Israel and Egypt.

But Israel's unprecedented assault on Gaza's Hamas rulers - with more than 900 people killed, some 4,100 wounded and tens of thousands displaced - has strained even their survival skills.

Disruptions

The massive bombardment has badly disrupted the flow of electricity and water, already stop-and-go before the start of the war. Israel has cut Gaza in half, cutting the north and the south off from each other.

During the short daylight hours, shoppers crowd the few open stores and outdoor markets in a hunt for scarce goods, from diapers to dairy.

At dusk, streets quickly become deserted as civilians retreat indoors, for fear of being mistaken for Hamas fighters by Israel's military.

"Everything is difficult now - eating, drinking, moving," said Mohammad Saleimeh, 26.

When electricity comes on in the Nusseirat refugee camp in central Gaza, the women in his 20-member family rush to bake bread. When water comes on, they wash the cloth diapers they now use instead of disposable ones.

In Gaza, the ability to cope largely depends on how much of a buffer, in food and cash, families had going into the war, and in part on their ties to Gaza's Hamas rulers.

Mohammad Awad, a senior Hamas official, told the movement's Al Aqsa TV on Sunday that 25,000 people on the Hamas payroll, from police to civil servants, had received their December salaries.

Hamas members said the money is being paid in cash, with Hamas activists making the rounds to distribute it.

A man with a trimmed beard was seen handing out money from a suitcase in the hallway of a building in one Gaza City neighbourhood, then asking employees to sign a receipt.

Abu Ramadan is a former member of the security forces ousted during Hamas' violent takeover of Gaza in June 2007, and still draws his salary from Hamas' rival, the West Bank government of moderate Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas.

He can still afford to buy drinking water and fill up the tank on the roof.

But electricity outages are constant - power came on Sunday for the first time in eight days.

So he heads to the mosque each morning to charge his cell phone, instead of praying at home as he did before the war.

His family of five eats lentils, beans and canned foods.

Tomatoes are available, but have tripled in price. Only 20 of 47 bakeries are operating, according to the bakers' union, explaining the long lines for bread.

Struggling

In the Shati camp, Al Dali, 33, was already broke at the start of the fighting, struggling to feed his wife and seven children, ages 5 to 14.

A few days ago, he took in his sister, her husband and 10 children, who fled shelling outside their home close to the Israel border.

They escaped with just the clothes on their backs. Yesterday, Al Dali's sister Salwa, 42, was stirring a pot of lentils and rice on a fire of paper, cardboard cartons and other debris.

The refrigerator was empty, except for a few onions and tomatoes.

Salwa said she added extra salt to the cooking water in the belief that it would help rid it of germs.

Many Gazans have taken to boiling drinking water too, since local water auth-orities warned of deteriorating quality last week.

She said she tries to feed the kids as late in the day as possible so they don't go to bed hungry.

Al Dali said the food will last until next Tuesday, and he doesn't know where the next meal will come from. "I have no other business but to secure something to eat, water to drink and some wood and paper to warm them during the night," he said.

"I feel ashamed of myself. I can do nothing for them," he said.

In Zahra City, a complex of high-rises south of Gaza City, school teacher Jihan Sarsawi said she now washes in a bucket because running water is scarce - but only if there's no shelling.

"I'm afraid they'll shell the building and I'll be undressed, which would be really embarrassing, so last night I slept in my clothes, without bathing," Al Dali said.