Ramadan 2025: UAE doctors explain who can fast and what to eat with sugar, BP, kidney, heart, or liver diseases

Dubai: Ramadan is a time of spiritual reflection, but for individuals with chronic diseases such as heart conditions, kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, and liver disorders, fasting can present additional health challenges.

Gulf News spoke to Dr Abdul Jabbar, Consultant Internal Medicine and Endocrinologist, at Medcare Hospital, Al Safa, in Dubai and Dr Shireen Hamdan, Specialist Family Medicine with Burjeel Medical Centre, Al Shamkha, in Abu Dhabi, for key tips and advice for these patients to make fasting safer.

Patients with diabetes

“People with long-term diabetes, multiple health conditions, and kidney issues face a higher risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) while fasting, especially if they take multiple diabetes medications,” explained Dr Abdul Jabbar.

Dr Shireen pointed out that fasting is generally not recommended for patients with Type 1 diabetes due to the risk of hypoglycemia.

“Those with well-controlled Type 2 diabetes may fast under close medical supervision. Medication adjustments and regular blood sugar monitoring before and after fasting are essential,” she said.

Dr Abdul Jabbar said it is particularly important for patients on three or more drugs such as insulin or sulfonylureas to get proper advice on medication changes for Ramadan.

“Using modern technology like continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and activity trackers, along with Artificial Intelligence (AI), can help monitor blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of complications during fasting,” he pointed out.

The doctors said it is important to drink plenty of water and avoid sugary and fried foods.

“Suhoor should include protein, healthy fats, and complex carbs to maintain stable glucose levels. Low-GI foods are essential,” said Dr Abdul Jabbar.

If blood sugar levels drop too low or spike too high, both doctors agree that the fast should be broken immediately to prevent any health complications.

Patients with hypertension

When it comes to individuals with high blood pressure, the doctors said those with well-controlled hypertension can fast under medical supervision.

“But they should continue their medications as prescribed and monitor their blood pressure regularly,” said Dr Shireen.

She cautioned those with uncontrolled hypertension as fasting may pose the risk of exacerbating the condition. “It is a must for them to seek medical consultation before deciding to fast,” she said and urged them also to always continue their prescribed medications and monitor blood pressure regularly.

Reducing salt intake, and avoiding heavy, fried, or processed foods are important for patients with hypertension as always, the doctors reminded.

Patients with heart disease

Heart disease patients under proper medical supervision may fast, but adju

stments to medication regimens are necessary, the doctors said.

“Patients with stable heart disease, under proper medical supervision, can fast safely with appropriate adjustments to their medication regimen. They should consult their doctor to ensure optimal management of blood pressure, fluid balance, and cardiac function during fasting. However, people with advanced heart failure, uncontrolled arrhythmias, or genetic cardiomyopathies should refrain from fasting, as it may pose significant risks, including exacerbation of symptoms and hemodynamic instability,” said Dr Shireen.

“Heart patients should also monitor blood pressure, reduce salt intake, and avoid heavy, fried, or processed foods. Staying hydrated, limiting caffeine, and maintaining light activity after iftar are important. Medication timing should be adjusted under medical guidance, and any signs of severe fatigue, dizziness, or chest pain should be taken seriously. Prioritising health over fasting is key,” said Dr Abdul Jabbar.

Patients with kidney disease

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face unique risks during fasting, primarily due to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. “Patients with moderate to severe CKD should avoid fasting, as it may worsen renal function and accelerate disease progression leading to complications such as acute kidney injury and worsening metabolic control,” Dr Shireen explained.

Dialysis patients should not fast under any circumstances due to their strict fluid and dietary restrictions, she advised.

“Fasting can lead to significant fluid shifts, electrolyte disturbances, and hemodynamic instability, compromising treatment efficacy and overall health of patients undergoing dialysis,” she said. Dr Shireen advised kidney disease patients to monitor their fluid intake carefully and limit foods high in salt and potassium. “Adjust protein consumption and stay hydrated to avoid complications. It’s also important to follow your doctor’s advice regarding medication and fluid management during fasting.”

Patients with liver disease

For patients with liver conditions, such as cirrhosis or severe liver disease, fasting can place added stress on liver function, the doctors said.

Dr Shireen advised: “If you have significant liver disease, seek medical advice before considering fasting. Liver patients observing fasting should avoid heavy meals, as they can strain liver function and impair digestion. Maintaining a balanced diet with adequate nutrients is essential to support metabolic processes and prevent complications.”

She recommended maintaining proper hydration and ensuring that water intake is adequate for liver health. “This will aid in detoxification and prevent liver complications during fasting,” she pointed out.

How to make iftar and suhoor healthy

Dr Abdul Jabbar highlighted the importance of a balanced diet when fasting, especially for those with chronic health conditions. “Ensure your daily calories are divided across suhoor, iftar, and small snacks if necessary. Meals should include 40–50% carbohydrates from whole grains and fiber-rich foods, 20–30% protein from lean sources like fish, poultry, and legumes, and 30–35% healthy fats,” he advised.

He pointed out that it is crucial to limit saturated fats and avoid sugary desserts. “Instead, opt for fruits as a healthier alternative. Low-Glycemic Index (GI) carbohydrates such as whole grains, vegetables, and dairy should take priority over refined grains and sugars.”

When it is iftar, he recommends beginning with water and 1-3 dates to replenish energy quickly. If necessary, healthy snacks like fruits, nuts, or vegetables can be consumed in moderation.

Another important point to keep in mind is to eat suhoor as late as possible as it helps maintain energy levels throughout the day. “Including protein and healthy fats in Suhoor will keep you feeling full longer, making the fast more manageable.”

Proper hydration is also key. Dr Abdul Jabbar stressed the importance of drinking plenty of water, while avoiding sugary or caffeinated drinks that can disrupt hydration. “Staying hydrated ensures better overall health and helps regulate blood sugar levels,” he added.