Kenya: Ex-president Daniel Arap Moi has died

Daniel Arap Moi (pictured here in 1998), a former schoolteacher who became Kenya's longest-serving president and presided over years of repression and economic turmoil fueled by runaway corruption, has died. He was 95. Moi's death was announced by President Uhuru Kenyatta in a statement on the state broadcaster on Tuesday.

Moi (pictured here in 2002), who ruled Kenya for 24 years, had been in hospital for over a month.

Despite being called a dictator by critics, Moi (pictured in 1968) enjoyed strong support from many Kenyans and was seen as a uniting figure when he took power after founding President Jomo Kenyatta died in office in 1978. Some allies of the ailing Kenyatta, however, tried to change the constitution to prevent Moi, then the vice president, from automatically taking power upon Kenyatta's death.

So wary was Moi (pictured here in 1980) of any threat during that uncertain period that he fled his Rift Valley home when he heard of Kenyatta's death, returning only after receiving assurances of his safety. In 1982 Moi's government pushed through parliament a constitutional amendment that made Kenya effectively a one-party state. Later that year the army quelled a coup attempt plotted by opposition members and some air force officers. At least 159 people were killed.

Former heavyweight champ Muhammad Ali, center-right, meets with Kenyan President Daniel arap Moi, center-left, at State House in Nairobi, Kenya, in 1980. Moi's government then became more repressive in dealing with dissent, according to a report by the government's Truth Justice and Reconciliation Commission that assessed his rule. Political activists and others who dared oppose Moi's rule were routinely detained and tortured, the report said, noting unlawful detentions and assassinations, including the killing of a foreign affairs minister, Robert Ouko. ``The judiciary became an accomplice in the perpetuation of violations, while parliament was transformed into a puppet controlled by the heavy hand of the executive,'' the report said.

This 1990 file photo shows South African leader Nelson Mandela, left, and Kenya's President Daniel arap Moi. Corruption, especially the illegal allocation of land, became institutionalised, the report said, while economic power was centralized in the hands of a few. In 1991, Moi yielded to demands for a multi-party state due to internal pressure, including a demonstration in 1991 during which police killed more than 20 people, and external pressure from the West. Multi-party elections in 1992 and 1997 were marred by political and ethnic violence that critics asserted were caused by the state.

Outgoing President Daniel arap Moi inspects a guard of honor at a barracks in Nairobi, Kenya in 2002.

By the time Moi (pictured here in 1997) left power in 2002, corruption had left Kenya's economy, the most developed in East Africa, with negative growth. Moi often blamed the West for bad publicity and the economic hardships many Kenyans had to endure during his rule.

This 1999 file photo shows from left; the President of Zambia, Frederick Chiluba; the President of Sudan, Omar al-Bashir; the President of Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe; Kenya's President Daniel arap Moi; and President of Uganda, Yoweri Museveni in Nairobi, Kenya. As with his predecessor, Kenyatta, many government projects, buildings and currency notes and coins were named after Moi. Fed up, Kenyans voted for a new constitution that was implemented in 2010 and made provisions to bar personality cults.