Could AI wipe out cervical cancer?

Despite major advances in screening and vaccination, which can prevent the spread of human papillomavirus which causes most cases of cervical cancer, those gains have mainly benefited women in rich nations.

Some 266,000 women died of cervical cancer globally in 2012, 90 per cent of them in low- and middle-income nations, according to the WHO.

“Cervical cancer is now a disease of poverty, of low resources,” said senior author Mark Schiffman, a doctor at the National Cancer Institute’s Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics near Washington who has been searching for a cure to cervical cancer for 35 years.

“We are trying to find ways that are extremely cheap, extremely easy but very accurate, so that we can attack cervical cancer by vaccine and also a bit later through a simple technique that is cell-phone based or something like it,” he told AFP.

Algorithm

Schiffman was part of a team that built an algorithm from an archive of more than 60,000 cervical images collected from Costa Rica.

The pictures were taken using just a speculum, small light and camera — no advanced imaging required.

The study began in the 1990s, involving more than 9,400 women who were followed for up to 18 years.

The AI technique, called automated visual evaluation, found precancerous cells with 91 per cent accuracy, according to a report published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

In comparison, a human expert review found 69 per cent of pre-cancers, while conventional lab tests like Pap smears found 71 per cent.

Among women aged 25-49, who face the highest risk of cervical cancer, the AI algorithm was even more accurate, finding 97.7 per cent of pre-cancerous cells.

“It performed much better than humans looking at those same pictures. It certainly performed a lot better than me,” Schiffman said.

The goal is to roll out the technology in the next three to five years, enrolling more patients in clinical trials worldwide and eventually making it easily accessible everywhere.

Schiffman said a deal has just been struck with a major philanthropic group to assist in the process.

The technology has not been patented on purpose, Schiffman said. The aim is to keep costs very low so that women most in need can benefit.

“I think now we have a possible tool that can go anywhere and not sacrifice scientific quality but actually offer a medically valid screen,” he said.

Jennifer Wu, an obstetrician-gynecologist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York who was not involved in the research, called the findings “very exciting.”

“This could really cut down on a lot of missed cases of cervical cancer, and allow more patients access to diagnosis and treatment,” she told AFP.