The region’s economies are at a crossroads.
Spanning Pakistan to Morocco, it represents 8.5 per cent of the world’s population. But we only generate 3.4 per cent of global GDP, with just two of our companies making it into the Fortune 500. Estimated growth in 2019 amounted to just 1 per cent, and the outlook across the region remains one of low- to no-growth.
We need to act – and fast – to turn around our fortunes, redressing pressing issues such as unemployment, economic inequality and social cohesion in the process. This was the starting point of a panel discussion I joined at the recent World Economic Forum meeting in Davos, which convened political and industry leaders from across the region.
Like the UAE has done over many years, countries like Egypt – now the fastest-growing economy in the region – are reaping the benefits of re-engineering their economic structures. Others, like Saudi Arabia, are following a similar model, introducing extensive reforms and public-private initiatives.
But getting the whole of MENAP back on track will require a concerted effort to foster a more collaborative and structured approach amongst all markets. Here are three key takeaways from the Davos panel on how the public and private sector can work together to achieve greater economic integration.
1. Intra-regional trade and investment
We’re not as globally powerful as we could be... because we don’t have scale. Market fragmentation is the biggest inhibitor of our growth.
Most global growth now happens in blocs – take ASEAN, the EU or NAFTA. But trade between MENAP nations is only around 16 per cent of total trade, according to a recent report Majid Al Futtaim produced with McKinsey & Company. If you take oil out, it’s less than a third of that. This is in stark comparison to 52 per cent in Asia-Pacific and 63 per cent in Europe.
As my co-panellist Dr Rania Al-Mashat, Egypt’s Minister of International Cooperation, pointed out, our region is very heterogeneous. But, I strongly believe that we also have a lot in common, not least our culture and geographic proximity.
To stimulate the same kind of growth and stability as in Asia and Europe, we need to work in partnership towards a common manifesto of progress. This will require harmonising our market and industry standards to simplify cross-border operations, enabling free movement of goods, services, capital, people, and data.
Greater economic integration will be the single most important driver of growth. This could add $231 billion to our regional economy, by helping us become globally competitive, attracting talent and investment.
2. Deregulation and incentivising existing and new businesses
Alongside this, we will need to promote a thriving private sector and grow the number of Fortune 500 companies beyond the current two - Saudi Arabia’s SABIC and Emirates Group.
According to McKinsey & Company, emerging market economies that experience high levels of growth share one important characteristic - the presence of large, competitive firms that propel the economy’s growth trajectory. To nurture the private sector means effective deregulation and less “red-tape”. Only if we deregulate can we eliminate market distortions, foster innovation, better competition and, ultimately, drive growth.
This isn’t hard: Saudi Arabia recently simplified its visa process for 49 countries to boost its tourist industry. The expected inflows of foreign direct investment into the tourism sector will materially increase from 3 per cent of GDP at the current allocation levels to 10 per cent by 2030.
Enabling more private-public collaboration and, where appropriate, privatising state-owned businesses also falls into this category. In the process, public money can be freed up and channelled to where it is needed the most, for instance towards entrepreneurship, start-up funding, education and infrastructure.
3. Matching jobs with people
The region produces disproportionate amounts of graduates for the jobs available. In the Middle East and North Africa, for example, youth unemployment has been the highest in the world for more than a quarter of a century. Young people often search for long periods of time before finding work, affecting their ability to meaningfully participate in society and the economy.
My fellow Davos panellist, Majid Jafar, CEO of Crescent Petroleum, summarised the talent conundrum, saying; “The more educated you are, the less likely you are to have a job.”
Region-wide, we need to create between 80 million and 100 million jobs in the next decade. Even in trailblazing Egypt, an annual growth rate of about 8 per cent over a period of 10 years would be needed to accommodate for the current levels of people coming into the workforce.
And while job creation is crucial, I would argue that it is also about having the right people coming into the right jobs: our countries need to realign their educational structures to end the current mismatch of skills. As digitalisation progresses, there will be a growing need for a digitally savvy workforce.
The priority here has to be reskilling, but matching people and jobs also requires redesigning university courses so that graduates learn skills needed locally rather than increasing the “brain drain”. As suggested by Mohammad Ibrahim Shtayyeh, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority, a move towards a dual system like Germany’s, with its academic and vocational strands, may also be worth considering.
My fellow panellist Abdullah AlSwaha, Minister of Communications and Information Technology in Saudi Arabia, told Davos: “Growth in the Middle East is no longer a case of if, but when.”
Once we make progress across the three priorities outlined above, that “when” will be much closer than it has been to date.
- Alain Bejjani is CEO at Majid Al Futtaim.
