Cairo: US Secretary of State John Kerry was in Cairo on Sunday pressing for reforms during the highest-level American visit to Egypt since the ouster of the country’s first democratically elected president.
The Egyptian military’s removal of Mohammad Mursi in July led the US to suspend hundreds of millions of dollars in aid.
The State Department apparently expected a frosty reception for Kerry, especially with tensions running high on the eve of Monday’s scheduled start of Mursi’s trial on charges of inciting murder. The department refused to confirm Kerry’s visit until he landed in Cairo, even though Egypt’s official news agency reported the impending trip three days earlier.
The secrecy was unprecedented for a secretary of state’s travel to Egypt, for decades one of the closest US allies in the Arab world, and highlighted the deep rifts today between Washington and Cairo.
Kerry last was in Egypt in March, when he urged Mursi and his Muslim Brotherhood-backed government to enact sweeping economic reforms and govern in a more inclusive manner. Those calls went unheeded. Simmering public unhappiness with his rule boiled over when the powerful Egyptian military deposed Mursi on July 3 and established an interim government.
The Obama administration was caught in a bind over whether to condemn the ouster as a coup and cut the annual $1.3 billion (Dh4.77 billion) in US military assistance that such a determination would legally require.
The US waffled for months before deciding last month to suspend most big-ticket military aid such as tanks, helicopters and fighter jets, while declining to make a coup determination. The US also is withholding $260 million in budget support to the government.
Egypt is receiving billions of dollars in aid from Gulf Arab including Saudi Arabia and the UAE. But Egyptian authorities reacted angrily to the US aid suspension, declaring it a new low point in ties that have been strained since the popular revolt that unseated authoritarian leader Hosni Mubarak in February 2011.
Egypt’s foreign minister, Nabeel Fahmi, said last month that US-Egyptian relations were in “turmoil” and warned that the strain could affect the entire Middle East.
With US influence ebbing, Kerry’s message about the importance of economic and constitutional reforms was expected to be met with suspicion, if not outright hostility, by Egyptian leaders and a population deeply mistrustful of Washington’s motives. Many Egyptians accuse the Obama administration of taking sides in their domestic political turmoil. American officials adamantly deny it.
In meetings with Egypt’s Army chief, Abdul Fattah Al Sisi, the interim president, Adly Mansour, and Fahmi, Kerry intended to underscore the necessity of democratic transition through a transparent and inclusive constitutional process, and free and fair parliamentary and presidential elections.
Only once progress is made on those, American officials say, will the US consider restoring the suspended aid. They say Kerry is eager to assure Egyptians that the US considers Egypt an important friend and bulwark of regional stability, notably because of its peace treaty with Israel.
An initial administration attempt at outreach to post-Mursi Egypt — providing $60 million to spur private investment in Egypt’s flailing economy — has been held up in Congress.
US officials traveling with Kerry said he also would stress the importance of human rights, particularly freedom of the press and assembly, and the role of civic leaders in ensuring a pluralistic society.
Kerry’s visit comes at a critical time in Egypt’s tense and fractured domestic political situation.
On Friday, a private Egyptian television station halted the airing of the latest episode of a widely popular political satire programme after it came under fire for mocking the ultranationalist, pro-military fervour gripping the country. The show’s host, Bassem Yousuf, is often compared to US comedian Jon Stewart. The broadcaster said Yousuf and his producer violated its editorial policies.
Also, Mursi’s trial was set to begin Monday, a day after Kerry’s scheduled departure.
Mursi supporters planned widespread protests on the day of the trial. Security concerns were so high that the venue for the trial was not yet formally announced. It was expected to be held in a heavily secured police academy in Cairo.
US officials said the timing of the trial and Kerry’s visit were purely coincidental, but that Kerry was likely to impress on his hosts the importance of due process and transparency in all judicial proceedings.
Egypt was Kerry’s first stop on a nine-day tour of the Middle East and Europe. The trip is widely seen as a damage control mission to ease disagreements between the US and its friends over Syria, Iran and the revelations of widespread US surveillance activities around the globe.
From Egypt, Kerry planned to travel to Saudi Arabia, Poland, Israel, the Palestinian Authority, Jordan, the UAE, Algeria and Morocco.
