Moscow: Russian scientists were racing against the clock on Wednesday to find a way to fire the engines of an unmanned probe destined to collect soil samples from a moon of Mars, after equipment failure shortly after launch left it stuck in Earth orbit.
The Phobos-Grunt (Phobos-Soil) craft was successfully launched by a Zenit-2 booster rocket at 12:16am Moscow time on Wednesday (2016 GMT Tuesday) from the Russian-leased Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.
It separated from the booster about 11 minutes later and was to fire its engines twice to set out on its path to the Red Planet, but it never did.
Russia's Federal Space Agency chief Vladimir Popovkin said neither of the two engine burns worked, probably due to the failure of the craft's orientation system. He said in televised remarks that space engineers have three days to reset the craft's computer program to make it work before its batteries die.
James Oberg, a Nasa veteran who now works as a space consultant, said it is still possible to regain control over the probe.
Race to regain control
"With several days of battery power, and with the probe's orbit slowly twisting out of the optimal alignment with the desired path towards Mars, the race is on to regain control, diagnose the potential computer code flaws, and send up emergency rocket engine control commands," Oberg said in an e-mail to AP.
"Depending on the actual root of the failure, this is not an impossible challenge."
He warned, however, that the effort to restore control over the probe is hampered by limited earth-to-space communications that forced Russian flight controllers to ask the general public in South America to help locate the craft. Amateur astronomers were the first to spot the trouble when they detected that the craft was stuck in Earth orbit.
The mishap is the latest in a series of recent launch failures that have raised concerns about the condition of Russia's space industries. The Russian space agency said it will establish its own quality inspection teams at rocket factories to tighten oversight over production quality.
The $170 million (Dh624.4 million) Phobos-Grunt would have been Russia's first interplanetary mission since Soviet times. A previous 1996 robotic mission to Mars also ended in failure when the probe crashed shortly after the launch due to an engine failure.
The Phobos-Grunt originally was set to blast off in October 2009, but its launch was postponed because the craft wasn't ready.
Heaviest probe
The 13.2 tonne craft is the heaviest interplanetary probe ever, with fuel accounting for most of its weight. It was manufactured by the Moscow-based NPO Lavochkin that has specialised in interplanetary vehicles since the dawn of the space era.
The company designed the craft for the failed 1996 launch. Earlier, two of its probes sent to Phobos in 1988 also failed. One was lost a few months after the launch due to an operator's mistake, and contact was lost with its twin when it was orbiting Mars.
If space experts manage to fix the craft, it will reach Mars orbit in September 2012 and the landing on Phobos will happen in February.
The return vehicle is expected to carry up to 200 grams of Phobos soil back to Earth in August 2014.
The challenges for the Phobos-Grunt were daunting, making it arguably the most challenging unmanned interplanetary mission ever. It would require a long series of precision manoeuvring for the probe to reach the potato-shaped moon, land on its surface, scrape it for samples and fly back.
Scientists hoped studies of the Phobos soil could help solve the mystery of its origin and shed more light on the genesis of the solar system.
