Edible caterpillars become rare in drought-hit Botswana

Packed with protein and calcium, mopane worms are a delicacy in Botswana, where they are stirred into chunky tomato and peanut stews.

In the north and centre of the country, the spiky black and green caterpillars are harvested to make relish and sold at markets.

But a regional drought has decimated the mopane population, sapping an important source of income for rural communities.

"(The mopane worm) is not in abundance just like in the past during the times of good rainfalls," said Onalethata Mbakile, a single mother of two in the central village of Goshwe, near the border with Zimbabwe.

People place mopane worms on a bag after harvesting them from mopane trees. Mbakile, 40, has been picking caterpillars off the branches of Mopane trees - where they are usually found - for more than two decades. She travelled more than 440 kilometres (273 miles) to Botswana's capital Gaborone, where she charges 10 pula (80 euros cents) for small sachet of dried mopane - a popular road-side snack.

"The rains are unreliable and unpredictable," Mbakile said. "We used to harvest it around December and April but it is no longer the case."

Southern Africa is grappling with one of its worst droughts in history, badly affected by a prolonged period of low rainfall and scorching temperatures.

The UN has warned that 45 million people in the region are in urgent need of food aid due to drought, flooding and economic hardship.

A vendor selling processed mopane worms for consumption in a street market in Francistown.

A woman harvests mopane worms from a mopane tree in Tutume.

People are boiling mopane worms after harvesting them from the mopane trees in Tutume.

This year, their harvest will be meagre. The blame lies with the catastrophic drought that is affecting the entire southern tip of the African continent, to the point of threatening 45 million of its inhabitants with famine today, according to the UN.

A vendor selling processed mopane worms for consumption in a street market in Francistown.

A mopane worm is seen on a mopane tree in Tutume, the northern part of Botswana.