Brooke Mueller was arrested by police on December 3 after a woman reported being assaulted at a nightclub.
A Pitkin County deputy district attorney said on Friday that Mueller has also been charged with third-degree assault.
Both drug charges are felonies. Possession with intent to distribute is the most serious and carries a penalty between four and 12 years. Conviction on the possession charge could result in up to 18 months behind bars.
Mueller has vowed to fight the charges.
Sheen and Mueller divorced last year after Sheen was arrested on suspicion of assaulting her in 2009. He pleaded guilty to misdemeanour assault and completed his probation in 2010.
