More than 50 per cent of adults suffer from some form of gum disease. However, because it is usually painless, they may be unaware.

There are two main types: gingivitis and periodontal disease. Both are caused by the build up of plaque bacteria on the teeth.

Gingivitis refers to inflammation of the gums. If your gums bleed when brushing your teeth, this could be an indication that youhave gingivitis.

If gingivitis is left untreated, it could develop into periodontal disease, meaning the break down of gum tissues; the separation of gums from the teeth causing pockets where bacteria can fester; and the deterioration of bone in the jaw, which holds the teeth in place. Ultimately, this all leads to tooth loss. More people lose teeth through periodontal disease than through tooth decay.

Smokers have a higher risk of developing all types of gum disease, as smokers tend to have more bacteria in their mouths and less oxygen in the bloodstream, which prevents the gums from healing.

Ayurvedic practitioner

Dr Oseela Abdul Kader, ayurvedic practitioner at Breath and Health (04-3489940), says:

"According to ayurveda, oral hygiene methods have a vital role to play in the management of general gum disease. Certain ayurvedic remedies, such as Triphala, Yashtimadu and Nirgundi, have proven antibacterial, anti-inflammatory properties, which can help combat gum disease and improve oral hygiene.

"Treatments for gum diseases include:

  • "Application of triphala choornam mixed with honey onto the infected gums to give quick relief from purulent gum discharge.
  • "Just 15ml of drakshadi decotion with 60ml of luke warm water twice a day before a meal will arrest gum bleeding.
  • "Arimedadi thailam can be used as a mouthwash for swollen gums and toothache.
  • "Gargling with the phanta of triphala once daily will protect gums from all infections.
  • "Paste preparation of Udumbaram applied to the gums and teeth is an effective remedy for pyorrhea and loose teeth.
  • "Chewing Nirgundi cleans the gums.
  • "Gargling with a solution of neem leaf extract works well for gingivitis."

Dentist

A Dr Hibah Shata, dentist at Dr Hibah Shata Specialized Dental Clinic (04-2959790), says:

"Periodontal disease is the most common reason for tooth loss. The main cause is bacteria in the form of sticky, colourless plaque that forms on the teeth. Early signs of gum disease can be detected during regular dental checkups. Prevention of gum disease can be achieved by regular brushing, flossing and oral care.

"The warning signs of gum disease include: bleeding gums; red, swollen or tender gums; gums that have pulled away from the teeth; persistent bad breath; pus between the teeth and gums; loose or separating teeth; a change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite; or a change in the fit of partial dentures.

"Advanced gum disease can be treated surgically and non-surgically. The goal of non-surgical treatments is to remove bacteria and reduce inflammation in order so that the gum re-attaches itself to the tooth, or shrinks to eliminate the pocket. Non-surgical treatments include the removal of plaque, root planning, antibiotic therapy and Gum Laser Therapy.

"Surgical treatments include pocket reduction and bone regeneration."

Nutritionist

Kathleen Farren, nutritionist at Eternal Med (04-3440008), says:

"Sugar inhibits the ability of white blood cells, which fight bacteria. So, avoiding sugary food and drinks can help prevent the disease. Rinsing your mouth out after consuming refined carbohydrates or juices can also reduce the risk.

"Choose a diet that is rich in vegetables, fruit, whole grains, low-fat dairy and lean protein. I would also recommend taking a daily multi-vitamin and mineral supplement, which can be topped up with:

  • "Additional minerals to rebuild bone around the gums, especially calcium and magnesium.
  • "A combination of Vitamin C with bioflavonoids and CoQ10 to protect against cell damage and reduce the depth of pockets formed around the teeth.
  •  "Vitamin B complex - needed for good digestion and healthy mouth tissues.
  • "Acidophilis (friendly bacteria) required to build up immunity.
  • "Folic acid and liquid Vitamin C.
  •  "Chamomile and Echinacea teas to reduce inflammation and enhance immune function.
  •  "Goldenseal extract to heal inflamed gums."