The fasting month begins when the new moon signals the end of Shaba'an and the start of Ramadan. Most Islamic nations prefer to rely on traditional methods, so special moon-sighting committees take up a nightly vigil to watch for the first sliver of the new moon.
Fasting during Ramadan, or sawm, is one of the five pillars of Islam. Allah commanded that every Muslim who is able to, should fast during Ramadan. Muslims who are not exempt from fasting must abstain from food, drink, intimate acts and impure thoughts between sunrise and sunset each day. Care must be taken to avoid acts or words of an inappropriate nature, even if committed or uttered by another, to avoid negating their fast.
Children, the elderly, the infirm and pregnant, breastfeeding or menstruating women need not fast, as it may be detrimental to health, nor should those who are incapable of taking responsibility for their actions.
Fasting has several purposes and benefits, not least to give the body a rest from the constant processing of food and drink. Muslims consider those less fortunate than themselves by going without, and are reminded to be thankful for their blessed lives.
Each Muslim who can afford to do so must give zakat, or alms for the poor — thereby developing feelings of compassion and charity towards the needy.
Eid-Al-Fitr, a three day holiday, signals the end of the fasting month and is marked by family gatherings and celebrations.
